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1 dédaigneux
dédaigneux, -euse [dedεɲø, øz]adjective[personne, air] scornful* * *- euse dedɛɲø, øz adjectif [ton, sourire, air] disdainful, scornful* * *dedɛɲø, øz adj (-euse)disdainful, scornful* * *dédaigneux, - euse adj [ton, sourire, air] disdainful, scornful; dédaigneux de scornful of [danger, honneurs]; faire une moue dédaigneuse to curl one's lip.( féminin dédaigneuse) [dedɛɲø, øz] adjectifd'un ton dédaigneux contemptuously, scornfully, disdainfully2. (soutenu)dédaigneux de [indifférent à] disdainful ou contemptuous ofje n'ai jamais été dédaigneux de l'argent I've never been one to spurn ou to despise money————————, dédaigneuse [dedɛɲø, øz] nom masculin, nom féminindisdainful ou scornful ou contemptuous person -
2 luce
"deviation;Abweichung;aberração (luz)"* * *f lightluce al neon neon lightdare alla luce un figlio give birth to a sonfig far luce su qualcosa shed light on somethingluci pl posteriori rear lights* * *luce s.f.1 light (anche fig.): luce del sole, sunlight; luce della luna, moonlight; luce elettrica, electric light; luce diurna, daylight; luce diretta, direct light; luce debole, faint light; luce forte, bright light; luce diffusa, diffused light; luce abbagliante, dazzling light; un filo di luce, a glimmer of light; fascio di luce, beam of light; raggio di luce, ray of light; quella stanza riceve luce dal cortile, that room is lit by a window overlooking the courtyard; sposta quel vaso, lì non prende luce, move that flowerpot, it doesn't get any light there; dar luce a un locale, to let light into a room; tre finestre danno luce alla sala da pranzo, the dining room is lit by three windows; quel quadro non è in buona luce, that picture is not in a good light; non riesco a vederti perché ho la luce negli occhi, I can't see you because I'm dazzled (o because the light is shining into my eyes); aveva una strana luce negli occhi, (fig.) he had a strange gleam in his eyes // alla luce del sole, by the light of the sun, (fig.) openly (o publicly): ho agito alla luce del sole, I acted openly // alla luce della fede, della ragione, della scienza, (fig.) by the light of faith, reason, science2 (sorgente luminosa, lampada, dispositivo illuminante) light; (elettricità) electricity: le luci della città, the lights of the town; le luci dei negozi, the shop lights; la bolletta della luce, the electricity bill; accendere la luce, to turn (o to switch o to put) on the light; spegnere la luce, to turn out (o to switch off o to put off) the light; è andata via la luce per tre ore, the electricity (o power) was cut off for three hours; è tornata la luce, the electricity (o power) has come back on; la città è ancora senza luce, the city is still without electricity (o power) // (aut.): luci di posizione, di arresto, parking, stop lights; luci della retromarcia, reversing (o amer. backup) lights // luci della ribalta, (fig.) limelight // cinema a luci rosse, porno cinema3 pl. (poet.) (occhi) eyes4 (apertura) opening; light window; (arch.) span; (mecc.) port: (arch.) luce di un arco, arch span; un negozio con tre luci, a shop with three windows (o lights); luce di aspirazione, (di motore) inlet port (o admission opening); luce di scarico, (di motore) exhaust port5 (lastra di specchio) mirror, looking glass: un armadio a tre luci, a wardrobe with three mirrors.◆ FRASEOLOGIA: far luce su qlco., (fig.) to throw (o cast) light upon sthg. // mettere qlcu. in buona, cattiva luce, (fig.) to place s.o. in a favourable, unfavourable light // alla luce di quanto ha detto..., in the light of what he said... // mettere in luce, (fig.) to show (o to display o to stress o to emphasize): quell'opera ha messo in luce le sue qualità di scrittore, that work has shown (o brought out) his qualities as a writer; mettere in luce l'importanza di qlco., to stress (o to bring out) the importance of sthg.; ha messo i fatti nella giusta luce, he showed the facts in their true light; si è messo in luce vincendo il torneo di tennis, he stepped into the limelight by winning the tennis tournament // dare alla luce un bambino, to give birth to a child; venire alla luce, (nascere) to be born; (essere scoperto) to come to light: fatti curiosi sono venuti alla luce, some curious facts have come to light // portare alla luce, to bring to light: gli scavi hanno portato alla luce oggetti di grande interesse archeologico, the excavations have brought to light objects of great archaeological interest // far luce su un argomento, to throw (o to shed) light on a subject.* * *['lutʃe] 1.sostantivo femminile1) lightluce naturale, artificiale — natural, artificial light
luce del sole, delle stelle — sunlight, starlight
fa poca luce — [lampada, candela] it doesn't give much light
2) (elettricità) electricity, poweraccendere, spegnere la luce — to turn the light on, off
palo della luce — electricity pole o post
3) fig.alla luce di — in the light of [ fatti]
fare luce su — to cast o throw o shed light on
(ri)portare alla luce — to dig up o unearth o excavate [ rovine]
venire alla luce — (nascere) to come into the world
vedere la luce — [ opera] to see the light of day
dare alla luce qcn. — to give birth to sb., to bring sb. into the world
la luce della ragione — (lume) the light of reason
4) arch. (di ponte, arco) span5) tecn. opening6) edil.7) cinem.cinema a -i rosse — porno cinema BE o movie theater AE
2.film a -i rosse — blue film BE colloq. o movie AE colloq.
luce di retromarcia — reversing o backup AE light
- i abbaglianti — headlights on full beam BE, high beam AE, brights AE colloq.
- i anabbaglianti — dipped BE o dimmed AE headlights
- i di emergenza — hazard lamps BE o lights AE
- i fendinebbia — foglamps, foglights
- i di posizione — sidelights, parking lights
••mettere in luce qcs. — to highlight sth.
brillare di luce riflessa — to bask in sb.'s reflected glory
in o sotto falsa luce in a false light; in buona luce in a favourable light; non ti conoscevo in o sotto questa luce — I knew nothing of o about that side of you
* * *luce/'lut∫e/I sostantivo f.1 light; luce naturale, artificiale natural, artificial light; luce del sole, delle stelle sunlight, starlight; luce del giorno daylight; fa poca luce [lampada, candela] it doesn't give much light2 (elettricità) electricity, power; accendere, spegnere la luce to turn the light on, off; bolletta della luce electricity bill; palo della luce electricity pole o post3 fig. alla luce di in the light of [ fatti]; fare luce su to cast o throw o shed light on; (ri)portare alla luce to dig up o unearth o excavate [ rovine]; venire alla luce (nascere) to come into the world; vedere la luce [ opera] to see the light of day; dare alla luce qcn. to give birth to sb., to bring sb. into the world; la luce della ragione (lume) the light of reason; è la luce dei suoi occhi she's the light of her life4 arch. (di ponte, arco) span5 tecn. opening6 edil. un bagno senza luce a bathroom without windows7 cinem. cinema a -i rosse porno cinema BE o movie theater AE; film a -i rosse blue film BE colloq. o movie AE colloq.II luci f.pl.(fanali) (head)lightsmettere in luce qcs. to highlight sth.; mettersi in luce to draw attention to oneself; brillare di luce propria to be a shining light; brillare di luce riflessa to bask in sb.'s reflected glory; agire alla luce del sole to act openly; in o sotto falsa luce in a false light; in buona luce in a favourable light; non ti conoscevo in o sotto questa luce I knew nothing of o about that side of you\luce di retromarcia reversing o backup AE light; - i abbaglianti headlights on full beam BE, high beam AE, brights AE colloq.; - i anabbaglianti dipped BE o dimmed AE headlights; - i di emergenza hazard lamps BE o lights AE; - i fendinebbia foglamps, foglights; - i di posizione sidelights, parking lights; - i della ribalta footlights. -
3 לוי
לוי, לָוָה(b. h.) 1) to join, be connected, v. Piel, a. לְוָיָה. 2) (cmp. Sm. Ant. s. v. Nexum) to assume an obligation; to borrow. Shebu.41b; Keth.88a; B. Bath.6a האומר לא לָוִיתִיוכ׳ he who (being sued for a loan duly testified by witnesses) says, ‘I have not contracted any loan, is considered as admitting that he has not paid. Ḥull.84a כגון אנו לוֹוִין אוכלין (delicate persons) like ourselves may buy food on credit. B. Mets.72b אין לוֹוִין על שערוכ׳ (also לֹוִין) you must not borrow money with the choice of repaying in grain at the present price; (another defin., v. Rashi a. l.). Bets 15b לְווּ עלי make a loan on my (the Lords) account; a. v. fr.Esp. לוֹוֶה, לֹוֶה debtor, opp. to מַלְוֶה creditor. Shebu.47a מת ל׳ בחיי מ׳ if the debtor died before the creditor; a. fr.Pl. לוֹוִין. Ib. b שני מלווין ושני ל׳ two (different) creditors and two debtors. Pi. לִוָּה, לִוָּוה, לִי׳ 1) to order an escort for protection, v. לְוָיָה. Tanḥ. Bal. 12; Num. R. s. 20 ל׳ להם ענניוכ׳ He appointed the clouds of glory to escort them. Sot.46b בשביל … של׳ פרעהוכ׳ for the sake of the four steps which Pharaoh ordered his men to escort Abraham 2) to escort, to walk a distance with a departing guest; to follow. Sabb.119b שנימה״ש מְלַוִּין לווכ׳ two ministering angels escort man to his house on the Sabbath eve. Sot. l. c. כל שאינו מְלַוֶּה ומִתְלַוֶּהוכ׳ whoever omits to escort a guest or (as a guest) declines an escort, is regarded as if he had shed blood; שאילמלא לִיוּוּהוּוכ׳ for if the men of Jericho had escorted Elisha Kob. R. to V, 17 ומה מְלַוֵּהוּוכ׳ and what does escort him (to the grave)? Merits and good deeds; a. fr. Hithpa. חִתְלַוֶּה, Nithpa. נִתְלַוֶּה 1) to join the company of, to associate. Midr. Till. to Ps. 104:26 (play on לויתן, ib.) כל מי שמִתְלַוֶּה עמהן עתיד להיעשותוכ׳ whosoever joins them (the Romans) will be made sport of with them in future days. Ib. כל מי שמתלוה עמהן עתידהקב״הוכ׳ him who joins them (the scholars), the Lord will cause to rejoice with them ; Yalk. ib. 862. Gen. R. s. 63, end; Yalk. ib. 111 שנתלוה עמו קלונווכ׳ the disgrace of starvation was made his companion. Tanḥ. Vayishl. 3 להִתְלַוּוֹת לו to be his escort; a. fr. 2) to be escorted, to accept escort. Sot. l. c., v. supra. Hif. הִלְוָה 1) to escort. Ber.18a ואם הִלְוָהוּ if he does escort him (the dead). 2) to lend. span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ex. R. s. 31 מַלְוֶה ברבית lends oh interest; מ׳ שלא ברבית without interest. Ib. שלא יַלְווּוכ׳ that they must not lend Ib. ראו כמהִ הִלְוֵיתִי ואיני … ומה הִלְוְותָה הארץוכ׳ see how much I lend (to man,) without taking interest, and what the earth lends B. Mets.V, 1 המלוה סלע בחמשהוכ׳ he who lends a Sela to get five Denars in return. Ib. 62b הַלְוֵינִי מנה lend me a Maneh.B. Kam.94b מַלְיֵי רבית (a. ברבית) those who lend on interest; B. Mets.62a; a. fr.מַלְוֶה creditor, v. supra. -
4 לוה
לוי, לָוָה(b. h.) 1) to join, be connected, v. Piel, a. לְוָיָה. 2) (cmp. Sm. Ant. s. v. Nexum) to assume an obligation; to borrow. Shebu.41b; Keth.88a; B. Bath.6a האומר לא לָוִיתִיוכ׳ he who (being sued for a loan duly testified by witnesses) says, ‘I have not contracted any loan, is considered as admitting that he has not paid. Ḥull.84a כגון אנו לוֹוִין אוכלין (delicate persons) like ourselves may buy food on credit. B. Mets.72b אין לוֹוִין על שערוכ׳ (also לֹוִין) you must not borrow money with the choice of repaying in grain at the present price; (another defin., v. Rashi a. l.). Bets 15b לְווּ עלי make a loan on my (the Lords) account; a. v. fr.Esp. לוֹוֶה, לֹוֶה debtor, opp. to מַלְוֶה creditor. Shebu.47a מת ל׳ בחיי מ׳ if the debtor died before the creditor; a. fr.Pl. לוֹוִין. Ib. b שני מלווין ושני ל׳ two (different) creditors and two debtors. Pi. לִוָּה, לִוָּוה, לִי׳ 1) to order an escort for protection, v. לְוָיָה. Tanḥ. Bal. 12; Num. R. s. 20 ל׳ להם ענניוכ׳ He appointed the clouds of glory to escort them. Sot.46b בשביל … של׳ פרעהוכ׳ for the sake of the four steps which Pharaoh ordered his men to escort Abraham 2) to escort, to walk a distance with a departing guest; to follow. Sabb.119b שנימה״ש מְלַוִּין לווכ׳ two ministering angels escort man to his house on the Sabbath eve. Sot. l. c. כל שאינו מְלַוֶּה ומִתְלַוֶּהוכ׳ whoever omits to escort a guest or (as a guest) declines an escort, is regarded as if he had shed blood; שאילמלא לִיוּוּהוּוכ׳ for if the men of Jericho had escorted Elisha Kob. R. to V, 17 ומה מְלַוֵּהוּוכ׳ and what does escort him (to the grave)? Merits and good deeds; a. fr. Hithpa. חִתְלַוֶּה, Nithpa. נִתְלַוֶּה 1) to join the company of, to associate. Midr. Till. to Ps. 104:26 (play on לויתן, ib.) כל מי שמִתְלַוֶּה עמהן עתיד להיעשותוכ׳ whosoever joins them (the Romans) will be made sport of with them in future days. Ib. כל מי שמתלוה עמהן עתידהקב״הוכ׳ him who joins them (the scholars), the Lord will cause to rejoice with them ; Yalk. ib. 862. Gen. R. s. 63, end; Yalk. ib. 111 שנתלוה עמו קלונווכ׳ the disgrace of starvation was made his companion. Tanḥ. Vayishl. 3 להִתְלַוּוֹת לו to be his escort; a. fr. 2) to be escorted, to accept escort. Sot. l. c., v. supra. Hif. הִלְוָה 1) to escort. Ber.18a ואם הִלְוָהוּ if he does escort him (the dead). 2) to lend. span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ex. R. s. 31 מַלְוֶה ברבית lends oh interest; מ׳ שלא ברבית without interest. Ib. שלא יַלְווּוכ׳ that they must not lend Ib. ראו כמהִ הִלְוֵיתִי ואיני … ומה הִלְוְותָה הארץוכ׳ see how much I lend (to man,) without taking interest, and what the earth lends B. Mets.V, 1 המלוה סלע בחמשהוכ׳ he who lends a Sela to get five Denars in return. Ib. 62b הַלְוֵינִי מנה lend me a Maneh.B. Kam.94b מַלְיֵי רבית (a. ברבית) those who lend on interest; B. Mets.62a; a. fr.מַלְוֶה creditor, v. supra. -
5 לָוָה
לוי, לָוָה(b. h.) 1) to join, be connected, v. Piel, a. לְוָיָה. 2) (cmp. Sm. Ant. s. v. Nexum) to assume an obligation; to borrow. Shebu.41b; Keth.88a; B. Bath.6a האומר לא לָוִיתִיוכ׳ he who (being sued for a loan duly testified by witnesses) says, ‘I have not contracted any loan, is considered as admitting that he has not paid. Ḥull.84a כגון אנו לוֹוִין אוכלין (delicate persons) like ourselves may buy food on credit. B. Mets.72b אין לוֹוִין על שערוכ׳ (also לֹוִין) you must not borrow money with the choice of repaying in grain at the present price; (another defin., v. Rashi a. l.). Bets 15b לְווּ עלי make a loan on my (the Lords) account; a. v. fr.Esp. לוֹוֶה, לֹוֶה debtor, opp. to מַלְוֶה creditor. Shebu.47a מת ל׳ בחיי מ׳ if the debtor died before the creditor; a. fr.Pl. לוֹוִין. Ib. b שני מלווין ושני ל׳ two (different) creditors and two debtors. Pi. לִוָּה, לִוָּוה, לִי׳ 1) to order an escort for protection, v. לְוָיָה. Tanḥ. Bal. 12; Num. R. s. 20 ל׳ להם ענניוכ׳ He appointed the clouds of glory to escort them. Sot.46b בשביל … של׳ פרעהוכ׳ for the sake of the four steps which Pharaoh ordered his men to escort Abraham 2) to escort, to walk a distance with a departing guest; to follow. Sabb.119b שנימה״ש מְלַוִּין לווכ׳ two ministering angels escort man to his house on the Sabbath eve. Sot. l. c. כל שאינו מְלַוֶּה ומִתְלַוֶּהוכ׳ whoever omits to escort a guest or (as a guest) declines an escort, is regarded as if he had shed blood; שאילמלא לִיוּוּהוּוכ׳ for if the men of Jericho had escorted Elisha Kob. R. to V, 17 ומה מְלַוֵּהוּוכ׳ and what does escort him (to the grave)? Merits and good deeds; a. fr. Hithpa. חִתְלַוֶּה, Nithpa. נִתְלַוֶּה 1) to join the company of, to associate. Midr. Till. to Ps. 104:26 (play on לויתן, ib.) כל מי שמִתְלַוֶּה עמהן עתיד להיעשותוכ׳ whosoever joins them (the Romans) will be made sport of with them in future days. Ib. כל מי שמתלוה עמהן עתידהקב״הוכ׳ him who joins them (the scholars), the Lord will cause to rejoice with them ; Yalk. ib. 862. Gen. R. s. 63, end; Yalk. ib. 111 שנתלוה עמו קלונווכ׳ the disgrace of starvation was made his companion. Tanḥ. Vayishl. 3 להִתְלַוּוֹת לו to be his escort; a. fr. 2) to be escorted, to accept escort. Sot. l. c., v. supra. Hif. הִלְוָה 1) to escort. Ber.18a ואם הִלְוָהוּ if he does escort him (the dead). 2) to lend. span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ex. R. s. 31 מַלְוֶה ברבית lends oh interest; מ׳ שלא ברבית without interest. Ib. שלא יַלְווּוכ׳ that they must not lend Ib. ראו כמהִ הִלְוֵיתִי ואיני … ומה הִלְוְותָה הארץוכ׳ see how much I lend (to man,) without taking interest, and what the earth lends B. Mets.V, 1 המלוה סלע בחמשהוכ׳ he who lends a Sela to get five Denars in return. Ib. 62b הַלְוֵינִי מנה lend me a Maneh.B. Kam.94b מַלְיֵי רבית (a. ברבית) those who lend on interest; B. Mets.62a; a. fr.מַלְוֶה creditor, v. supra. -
6 ὑπέρ
ὑπέρ (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. and acc. (lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg. In addition to this, for ὑπέρ: LWenger, Die Stellvertretung im Rechte der Papyri 1896; ARobertson, The Use of ὑπέρ in Business Documents in the Papyri: Exp. 8th ser., 28, 1919, 321–27). The loc. sense ‘over, above’ is not found in our lit. (not in the LXX either, but in JosAs 14:4; ApcEsdr 1:9; Just., Tat., Ath.) but does appear in nonliteral senses. The mss. oft. fluctuate between ὑπέρ and περί; see A3 below.A. w. gen.① a marker indicating that an activity or event is in some entity’s interest, for, in behalf of, for the sake of someone/someth.ⓐ w. gen. of pers. or human collectiveα. after words that express a request, prayer, etc. After the verbs δέομαι (q.v. b), εὔχομαι (q.v. 1), προσεύχομαι (q.v.), ἐντυγχάνω (q.v. 1a; cp. b), ὑπερεντυγχάνω (q.v.), λιτανεύω (q.v.) etc. After the nouns δέησις (q.v., end) and προσευχή (q.v. 1). S. also 1 Ti 2:1f.β. after words and expressions that denote working, caring, concerning oneself about. After the verbs ἀγρυπνέω (q.v. 2), ἀγωνίζομαι (q.v. 2b), μεριμνάω (q.v. 2), πρεσβεύω (q.v.) etc. After the nouns ζῆλος (q.v. 1), σπουδή (q.v. 2), ἔχειν πόνον (πόνος 1). ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διάκονος Col 1:7.γ. after expressions having to do w. sacrifice: ἁγιάζω (q.v. 2), ἁγνίζομαι (s. ἁγνίζω 3). τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἑτύθη Χριστός 1 Cor 5:7 v.l. ἕως οὗ προσηνέχθη ὑπὲρ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου αὐτῶν ἡ προσφορά Ac 21:26 (προσφέρω 2a).—Eph 5:2; Hb 9:7.δ. gener. εἶναι ὑπέρ τινος be for someone, be on someone’s side (PIand 16, 8 τὸ νόμιμον ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐστιν.—Opp. εἶναι κατά τινος) Mk 9:40; Lk 9:50; Ro 8:31.—ἐπιτρέπεταί σοι ὑπὲρ σεαυτοῦ λέγειν Ac 26:1 v.l. (for περί). ἵνα μὴ εἷς ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἑνὸς φυσιοῦσθε κατὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου 1 Cor 4:6b. Cp. 2 Cor 1:11ab; 5:20b (δεόμεθα ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ=as helpers of Christ we beg you. Also prob. is we beg you by or in the name of Christ [Apollon. Rhod. 3, 701 λίσσομʼ ὑπὲρ μακάρων=by the gods, in imitation of Il. 22, 338.—Theaetetus, III B.C.: Anth. Pal. 7, 499, 2]). τοῦτο φρονεῖν ὑπὲρ πάντων ὑμῶν to be thus minded in behalf of you all Phil 1:7 (perh. simply=about; s. 3 below); cp. 4:10 (think of me = care for, be interested in me).ε. after expressions of suffering, dying, devoting oneself, etc. (JosAs 28:1 κύριος πολεμεῖ καθʼ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ Ἀσενεθ ‘against us in behalf of Aseneth’; ApcEsdr 6:18 p. 31, 28 Tdf. δικάζεσθαι ὑπὲρ τοῦ γένους τῶν ἀνθρώπων) ἀποθνῄσκειν ὑπέρ τινος die for someone or someth. (ἀποθνῄσκω 1aα; also Jos., Ant. 13, 6) J 11:50–52; 18:14; Ro 5:7ab. τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τινος (cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 201; Sir 29:15; ApcSed 1:5; Ar. 15, 10; Mel., P. 103, 791) J 10:11, 15; 13:37f; 15:13; 1J 3:16b.—Ro 16:4; 2 Cor 12:15; Eph 3:1, 13; Col 1:24a.—So esp. of the death of Christ (already referred to at least in part in some of the passages already mentioned. S. also above 1aγ and below 1c) for, in behalf of humanity, the world, etc.: Mk 14:24; Lk 22:19f; Ro 5:6, 8; 8:32; 14:15; 1 Cor 1:13 (where the hypothetical question μὴ Παῦλος ἐσταυρώθη ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν; was chosen for no other reason than its ref. to the redeeming death of Christ); 11:24; 15:3; Gal 2:20; 3:13; Eph 5:25; 1 Th 5:10 (v.l. περί); 1 Ti 2:6; Tit 2:14; Hb 2:9; 6:20; 1 Pt 2:21 (v.l. περί); 3:18a v.l.; 18b; 1J 3:16a; MPol 17:2ab (Just., A I, 50, 1 ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος).—AMetzinger, Die Substitutionstheorie u. das atl. Opfer, Biblica 21, ’40, 159–87, 247–72, 353–77; EBlakeney, ET 55, ’43/44, 306.ⓑ w. gen. of thing, in which case it must be variously translated ὑπὲρ (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν in order to atone for (the) sins or to remove them 1 Cor 15:3; Gal 1:4; Hb 5:1b; 7:27; 9:7 (here ὑπὲρ … τῶν ἀγνοημάτων); 10:12; B 7:3, 4 (prophetic saying of unknown origin), 5f.—ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς to bring life to the world J 6:51. ὑπὲρ τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ to reveal the glory of God 11:4. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ (cp. Sb 7681, 7 [312 A.D.] ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου=in behalf of) to spread his name Ro 1:5; cp. 3J 7. ὑπὲρ ἀληθείας θεοῦ=in order to show that God’s promises are true Ro 15:8. ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως in order to comfort you 2 Cor 1:6ab. Cp. 12:19. ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν for the strengthening of your faith 1 Th 3:2.ⓒ in place of, instead of, in the name of (Eur.; Polyb. 3, 67, 7; ApcEsdr 1:11 p. 25, 3 Tdf.; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 142; Just., D. 95, 2.—In pap very oft. ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ to explain that the writer is writing ‘as the representative of’ an illiterate pers.; Dssm. LO 285, 2 [LAE 335, 4]; other exx. of pap in DWallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics ’96, 384–86) ἵνα ὑπὲρ σοῦ μοι διακονῇ Phlm 13. Somet. the mng. in place of merges w. on behalf of, for the sake of Ro 9:3. οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Cor 15:29a is debated; cp. 29b (s. the lit. s.v. βαπτίζω 2c; also KBornhäuser, Die Furche 21, ’34, 184–87; JWhite, JBL 116, ’97, 487–99 [esp. 497f] favors a causal sense). εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν 2 Cor 5:14; cp. 15ab, 21 (Eur., Alc. 701 κατθανεῖν ὑπέρ σου).② marker of the moving cause or reason, because of, for the sake of, for (Diod S 10, 21, 2 τὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων τιμωρίαν; schol. on Pind., O. 6, 154b [=OxfT 91]), w. verbs of suffering, giving the reason for it ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος Ac 5:41; 9:16; 21:13; ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ Phil 1:29ab; cp. 2 Th 1:5; ὑπὲρ θεοῦ ἀποθνῄσκω IRo 4:1. Likew. used w. nouns that denote suffering ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ for Christ’s sake 2 Cor 12:10.—εὐχαριστεῖν ὑπέρ τινος give thanks for someth. 1 Cor 10:30; Eph 5:20; D 9:2; 10:2 (cp. Sb 3926, 12 [I B.C.] τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑπὲρ [=in gratefulness for] τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον; Just., A I, 65, 3). δοξάζειν τὸν θεὸν ὑπέρ τινος praise God for someth. Ro 15:9.—ὑπὲρ τούτου with reference to someth. (Synes., Ep. 67 p. 209c) 2 Cor 12:8.—This is prob. the place for ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐδοκίας with (God’s) good pleasure in view Phil 2:13 (εὐδοκία 1).③ marker of general content, whether of a discourse or mental activity, about, concerning (about equivalent to περί [τινος], w. which it is freq. interchanged in the mss.; s. Kühner-G. I p. 487 [w. exx. fr. Hom., Pla. et al.]. Also quite common in Polyb., Diod S, Dionys. Hal., Joseph., ins [e.g. ISardGauthier 2, 3 ‘write about’] and pap [Schmidt 396]; but Ath. differentiates between λόγος ὑπὲρ [in defense of] τῆς ἀληθείας and λόγος περὶ [about] τῆς ἀληθείας R 1 p. 48, 19; Mlt. 105; Rdm.2 p. 140; Johannessohn, Präp 216–21; LDeubner, Bemerkungen z. Text der Vita Pyth. des Iamblichos: SBBerlAk ’35, XIX 27; 71), oft. at the same time in the sense ‘in the interest of’ or ‘in behalf of’ οὗτός ἐστιν ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐγὼ εἶπον J 1:30 (v.l. περί). Ἠσαί̈ας κράζει ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ Ro 9:27 (v.l. περί). Cp. 2 Cor 1:8 (v.l. περί); 5:12; 7:4, 14; 8:24; 9:2f; 12:5ab (in all the passages in 2 Cor except the first dependent on καυχάομαι, καύχημα, καύχησις); 2 Th 1:4 (ἐγκαυχᾶσθαι). With reference to (Demosth. 21, 121) 2 Cor 8:23; 2 Th 2:1. ἡ ἐλπὶς ἡμῶν βεβαία ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν our hope with reference to you is unshaken 2 Cor 1:7 (ἐλπὶς ὑ. τινος ‘for someth.’ Socrat., Ep. 6, 5 [p. 234, 28 Malherbe]).B. w. acc. marker of a degree beyond that of a compared scale of extent, in the sense of excelling, surpassing, over and above, beyond, more than (so always PsSol; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 29 [Stone p. 10] al.; TestJob 38:6 τὰ ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς; JosAs 1:6 al.; Ath. 17, 1; 32, 1) κεφαλὴ ὑπὲρ πάντα the supreme Head Eph 1:22 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 74 §314 ὑπὲρ ἅπαντα). ὑπὲρ δύναμιν beyond one’s strength 2 Cor 1:8; cp. 8:3 v.l. (OGI 767, 19f ὑπὲρ δύναμιν; Cyranides p. 63, 22 ὑπὲρ λόγον). Also ὑπὲρ ὸ̔ δύνασθε 1 Cor 10:13. μὴ ὑπὲρ ἃ γέγραπται not (to go) beyond what is written 1 Cor 4:6a (s. WLütgert, Freiheitspredigt u. Schwarmgeister in Korinth 1908, 97ff; ASchlatter, Die korinth. Theologie 1914, 7ff; OLinton, StKr 102, 1930, 425–37; LBrun, ibid. 103, ’31, 453–56; PWallis, TLZ 75, ’50, 506–8; ALegault, NTS 18, ’71/72, 227–31; PMarshall, Hybrists Not Gnostics in Corinth: SBLSP 23, 84, 275–87; on the prob. imagery of a school exercise in which children learn to stay between the lines, s. RTyler, CBQ 60, ’98, 97–103; a public foundational document containing bylaws, JHanges, JBL 117, ’98, 275–98 [pap and ins]). ὑπὲρ ἃ λέγω ποιήσεις you will do even more than I ask Phlm 21. ὑπέρ τι καὶ καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπερευφραίνομαι I feel an exceeding and overwhelming joy B 1:2.—After an adj. in comp. or superl. for ἤ than: mostly so after the comp. (Judg 11:25 B; 15:2 B; 18:26 B; 3 Km 19:4; Ps 18:11; Hab 1:8) τομώτερος ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν μάχαιραν Hb 4:12. Cp. Lk 16:8; J 12:43 v.l.; MPol 18:2. In an unusually compressed statement: τοὺς ἀποστόλους ὄντας ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνομωτέρους the apostles, who were more lawless than (people who commit) any and every sin B 5:9; rarely after the superl. (TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 25 [Stone p. 4]) γλυκυτάτη ὑπὲρ τὸ μέλι Hm 5, 1, 6. Likew. after verbs that express the idea of comparison ἡσσώθητε (=ἐγένεσθε ἥσσονες) ὑπὲρ τὰς λοιπὰς ἐκκλησίας, were you treated worse than the other churches? 2 Cor 12:13.—‘More than’ also takes on the sense more exalted or excellent or glorious than; as the timeless one (ἄχρονος), Christ is called ὁ ὑπὲρ καιρόν the one who is exalted beyond time IPol 3:2. ὑπὲρ θάνατον exalted above death ISm 3:2. οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον a disciple is not superior to his teacher Mt 10:24a; Lk 6:40.—Mt 10:24b; Ac 26:13; Phil 2:9. οὐκέτι ὡς δοῦλον ἀλλὰ ὑπὲρ δοῦλον no longer as a slave, but as someth. better than a slave Phlm 16. τῷ δυναμένῳ ὑπὲρ πάντα ποιῆσαι to (God) who is able to do greater things than all (we can ask or imagine) Eph 3:20.— More than (PsSol 17:43; TestGad 7:1) ἀγαπᾶν ὑμᾶς ὑπὲρ τὴν ψυχήν μου (JosAs 13:11) B 1:4; cp. 4:6; 19:5; D 2:7. φιλεῖν Mt 10:37ab. ἀρέσει αὐτῷ ὑπὲρ μόσχον 1 Cl 52:2 (Ps 68:32). λάμπειν IEph 19:2. προκόπτειν Gal 1:14. στίλβειν Hs 9, 2, 2.C. adv. use even more. The adv. use of ὑπέρ is, so far, almost unknown outside the NT (but s. L-S-J-M s.v. ὑπέρ E; Schwyzer II 518; Ursing 49 cites fr. an Aesop-ms. ὅπερ ἔτι ὑπὲρ ἀπεδέξατο, where all the other mss. have μᾶλλον [Phil 3:4 ἐγὼ μᾶλλον]. On the adv. use of other prepositions s. Kühner-G. I p. 526f). διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσιν; ὑπὲρ ἐγώ are they assistants of of Christ? I am so even more (than they) 2 Cor 11:23 (W-H. accent ὕπερ; s. Mlt-Turner 250). Wallis (s. B above) classes 1 Cor 4:6 here.—RBieringer: The Four Gospels, Festschr. FNeirynck, ed. FvanSegbroeck et al. ’92, I 219–48. On ὑπὲρ ἄγαν, ὑπὲρ ἐκεῖνα, ὑπὲρ ἐκπερισσοῦ, ὑπὲρ λίαν s. ὑπεράγαν, ὑπερέκεινα, ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ (-ῶς), ὑπερλίαν.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
7 atteindre
atteindre [atɛ̃dʀ]➭ TABLE 49 transitive verba. to reach ; [pierre, balle, tireur] to hit• atteindre son but [personne] to reach one's goal ; [mesure] to fulfil its purpose ; [missile] to hit its target• la corruption y atteint des proportions incroyables corruption there has reached incredible proportionsb. ( = toucher psychologiquement) [événement, maladie, reproches] to affect* * *atɛ̃dʀ
1.
1) ( arriver à) to reach [lieu, niveau]; [personne, réforme] to achieve [but]; [projectile] to reach [cible]arbre qui peut atteindre 40 mètres — tree which can grow up to 40 metres [BrE] high
2) ( frapper) [projectile, tireur] to hit3) ( affecter) [maladie, malheur] ( de façon durable) to affect; ( brusquement) to hit; [parole blessante] to affectatteindre quelqu'un dans son honneur — to cast a slur on somebody's honour [BrE]
4) ( toucher) to reach [public]
2.
atteindre à fml verbe transitif indirect to achieve [connaissance]* * *atɛ̃dʀ vt1) [but, niveau] to reach2) [projectile] to hit, to enterLa balle l'a atteint au visage. — The bullet hit him in the face.
La balle l'a atteint au poumon gauche. — The bullet entered his left lung.
3) (= émouvoir) to affect* * *atteindre verb table: peindreA vtr1 ( arriver à) to reach [lieu, âge]; to reach [niveau, valeur, somme, vitesse]; [personne, réforme] to achieve [but]; [projectile] to reach [but, cible]; la température peut atteindre 30° à l'ombre the temperature can get up to ou reach 30° in the shade; arbre qui peut atteindre 40 mètres tree which can grow up to 40 metresGB high; atteindre des proportions massives to reach huge proportions;2 ( frapper) [projectile, tireur] to hit [personne, animal, cible];3 ( affecter) [maladie, malheur] ( de façon durable) to affect [personne, groupe]; ( brusquement) to hit [personne, groupe]; [parole blessante] to affect [personne]; ses critiques ne m'atteignent pas I'm impervious to his/her criticism; atteindre qn dans son honneur to cast a slur on sb's honourGB; ⇒ crapaud;4 ( toucher) to reach [public].[atɛ̃dr] verbe transitifil a atteint son but he's reached his goal ou achieved his aim3. [âge, valeur, prix] to reachle sommet atteint plus de 4 000 mètres the summit is over 4,000 metres highles dégâts atteignent neuf cent mille euros nine hundred thousand euros' worth of damage has been doneil est impossible d'atteindre ceux qui sont à l'intérieur de l'ambassade the people inside the embassy are incommunicadola balle/le policier l'a atteint en pleine tête the bullet hit/the policeman shot him in the headil peut dire ce qu'il veut à mon sujet, ça ne m'atteint pas he can say what he likes about me, it doesn't bother me at allrien ne l'atteint nothing affects ou can reach him7. [affecter - suj: maladie, fléau] to affectles tumeurs secondaires ont déjà atteint le poumon the secondary tumours have already spread to the lung————————atteindre à verbe plus préposition -
8 courir
courir [kuʀiʀ]➭ TABLE 111. intransitive verba. to run ; (Automobiles, cycling) to race• entrer/sortir en courant to run in/outb. ( = se précipiter) to rush• pour enlever les taches, tu peux toujours courir (inf) if you think you'll get rid of those stains you've got another think coming (inf)• les épinards, je ne cours pas après (inf) I'm not that keen on spinach• courir sur le système or le haricot à qn (inf!) to get on sb's nerves (inf)d. [nuages, reflets] to race ; [eau] to rushe. ( = se répandre) le bruit court que... rumour has it that...f. [intérêt] to accrue ; [bail] to run2. transitive verba. (Sport) [+ épreuve] to compete inb. ( = s'exposer à) courir de grands dangers to be in great dangerc. ( = parcourir) [+ magasins, bureaux] to go round• des gens comme lui, ça ne court pas les rues (inf) there aren't many like himd. ( = fréquenter) courir les filles to chase the girls* * *kuʀiʀ
1.
1) Sport to compete in [épreuve]2) ( parcourir en tous sens)courir la campagne/les océans/le monde — to roam the countryside/the oceans/the world
3) ( fréquenter)courir les boutiques — to go round the shops GB ou stores US
4) ( s'exposer à)faire courir un (grand) danger à quelqu'un/quelque chose — to put somebody/something in (serious) danger
5) (colloq) ( chercher à séduire)courir les filles/garçons — to chase after girls/boys
2.
verbe intransitif1) gén [personne, animal] to run‘va chercher ton frère’ - ‘j'y cours’ — ‘go and get your brother’ - ‘I'm going’
les voleurs courent toujours — fig the thieves are still at large
courir sur une balle — ( au tennis) to run for a ball
3) ( se presser) [personne] to rushen courant — hastily, in a rush
courir (tout droit) à la catastrophe/faillite — to be heading (straight) for disaster/bankruptcy
4) ( chercher à rattraper)courir après quelqu'un/quelque chose — gén to run after somebody/something; ( poursuivre) to chase after [voleur, gloire]
s'il ne veut pas me voir je ne vais pas lui courir après — fig if he doesn't want to see me I'm not going to go chasing after him
5) ( se mouvoir rapidement) [ruisseau] to rush ( dans through); [nuages, flammes] to race ( dans across)6) ( parcourir)courir le long de — [sentier] to run along; [veine] to run down
7) ( se propager) [rumeur] to go aroundc'est un bruit qui court — it's a rumour [BrE]
faire courir un bruit — to spread a rumour [BrE]
8) ( être en vigueur) [intérêts] to accrue; [bail, contrat] to run ( jusqu'à to)9) ( s'écouler)le mois/l'année qui court — the current ou present month/year
10) [navire] to run, to sail••tu peux toujours courir! — (colloq) you can go whistle for it! (colloq)
laisser courir — (colloq) to let things ride
laisse courir! — (colloq) forget it!
* * *kuʀiʀ1. vi1) (pour fuir, par jeu) to runElle a traversé la rue en courant. — She ran across the street.
courir après qn — to run after sb, to chase sb
2) (en compétition) to run3) (se dépêcher) to rushÇa ne sert à rien de courir. — There's no point in rushing.
4) [rumeurs] to go round5) COMMERCE, [intérêt] to accruetu peux courir!; tu peux toujours courir! — you've got a hope!
2. vt1) SPORT, [épreuve] to compete in2) [risque] to run, [danger] to face3)* * *courir verb table: courirA vtr1 Sport [athlète] to run (in) [épreuve, marathon]; [cycliste] to ride in [épreuve]; [pilote] to drive in [rallye, course]; [cheval] to run in [épreuve]; courir le relais/100 mètres to run (in) the relay/100 metresGB;2 ( parcourir en tous sens) courir la campagne/les océans/le monde to roam the countryside/the oceans/the world; j'ai couru tout Paris pour trouver ton cadeau I searched the whole of Paris for your present; courir les boutiques to go round the shops GB ou stores US;3 ( fréquenter) courir les cocktails/bals/théâtres to do the rounds of the cocktail parties/dances/theatresGB;4 ( s'exposer à) courir un (grand) danger to be in (great) danger; faire courir un (grand) danger à qn/qch to put sb/sth in (serious) danger; courir un (gros) risque to run a (big) risk; je ne veux courir aucun risque I don't want to run any risks; courir le risque de faire to run the risk of doing; faire courir un risque à qn to put sb at risk; c'est un risque à courir it's a risk one has to take;5 ◑( agacer) courir qn to get on sb's nerves ou wick○ GB; tu nous cours avec tes histoires! you're getting on our nerves with your stories!;B vi1 gén [personne, animal] to run; courir dans le couloir/dans les escaliers to run in the corridor/on the stairs; courir à travers champs/à travers bois to run across the fields/through the woods; courir vite ( ponctuellement) to run fast; ( en général) to be a fast runner; je ne cours pas vite I can't run very fast; ils courent tous les samedis ( en jogging) they go for a run ou go jogging every Saturday; sortir en courant to run out; se mettre à courir to start running; courir vers or à qn to run toward(s) sb; cours chercher de l'aide/ton père run and get help/your father; je cours leur dire/les prévenir I'll run and tell them/warn them; ‘va chercher ton frère’-‘j'y cours’ ‘go and get your brother’-‘I'm going’; tout le monde court voir leur spectacle everybody is rushing to see their show; qu'est-ce qui vous fait courir? fig what makes you tick○?; les voleurs courent toujours fig the thieves are still at large;2 Sport ( en athlétisme) to run; ( en cyclisme) to ride, to race; (en voiture, moto) to race; ( en équitation) to run; courir sur to race with [nom de marque]; to race on [nom de véhicule]; courir au grand prix du Japon to race in the Japanese Grand Prix; on court à Vincennes cet après-midi Turf there's a race meeting at Vincennes this afternoon; courir sur une balle ( au tennis) to run for a ball;3 ( se presser) [personne] to rush; j'ai couru toute la journée I've been rushing about all day; elle court sans arrêt she's always rushing about, she's always on the go; courir au secours de qn to rush to sb's aid; en courant hastily, in a rush; courir (tout droit) à la catastrophe/faillite to be heading (straight) for disaster/bankruptcy;4 ( chercher à rattraper) courir après qn/qch gén to run after sb/sth; ( poursuivre) to chase after sb/sth; ton chien m'a couru après your dog chased after me; courir après un voleur to chase after a thief; s'il ne veut pas me voir je ne vais pas lui courir après fig if he doesn't want to see me I'm not going to go chasing after him; ⇒ valoir;5 ( essayer d'obtenir) courir après qch to chase after sth; courir après les honneurs/le succès/la gloire to chase after honourGB/success/glory;6 ○( essayer de séduire) courir après qn to chase after sb; il te court après he's chasing after you;7 ○( apprécier) ne pas courir après qch not to be wild about sth○; le chou, je ne cours pas après I'm not wild about cabbage○;8 ( se mouvoir rapidement) [ruisseau, torrent] to rush, to run (dans through); [flammes] to run, to race; [nuages] to race (dans across); ses doigts courent sur le clavier his/her fingers race over the keyboard; ma plume court sur la feuille my pen is racing across the page; laisser courir sa plume or son stylo (sur le papier) to let one's pen run ou race across the page;9 ( parcourir) courir le long de [sentier] to run along [bois, pré]; [veine, varice] to run down [jambe]; les lignes qui courent sur la paume de la main the lines that run across the palm;10 ( se propager) [rumeur, bruit] to go around; il y a un bruit qui court à leur sujet there's a rumourGB going around about them; le bruit court que rumourGB has it (that), there's a rumourGB that; c'est un bruit qui court it's a rumourGB; faire courir un bruit to spread a rumourGB;11 ( être en vigueur) [intérêts] to accrue; [bail, contrat] to run (jusqu'à to);13 Naut [navire] to run, to sail.C se courir vpr1 ( avoir lieu) [tiercé, course à pied] to be run; [course de voiture, moto] to take place;2 ( chercher à se rattraper) se courir après to chase (after) each other; arrêtez de vous courir après dans la maison! stop chasing each other around the house!;3 ○( se chercher) se courir après to look for each other.tu peux toujours courir○! you can go whistle for it○!; laisser courir○ to let things ride; laisse courir, tu vois bien qu'il le fait exprès forget it, can't you see he's doing it on purpose?; rien ne sert de courir il faut partir à point Prov slow and steady wins the race Prov.[kurir] verbe intransitif1. [généralement] to runentrer/sortir/traverser en courant to run in/out/acrossmonter/descendre l'escalier en courant to run up/down the stairsj'ai couru à fond de train ou à toutes jambes I ran as fast as my legs could carry mej'ai couru toute la journée I've been in a rush ou I've been run off my feet all day4. [se propager - rumeur, idée]le bruit court que... rumour has it that...5. [temps]6. [s'étendre]courir le long de [rivière, voie ferrée] to run ou to stretch along8. (locution)laisse courir! drop it!, forget it!courir sur le système (très familier) ou le haricot (très familier) à quelqu'un [l'énerver] to get up somebody's nose (UK) ou on somebody's nerves————————[kurir] verbe transitifcela court les rues [idée, style] it's run-of-the-millquelqu'un comme ça, ça ne court pas les rues people like that are hard to come by3. [fréquenter] to go roundcourir les filles/les garçons to chase girls/boyscourir le jupon ou le cotillon to be a womaniser4. [rechercher - honneurs, poste] to seek[encourir]faire courir un risque ou danger à quelqu'un to put somebody at risk[tenter]il ne faut pas courir deux lièvres à la fois (proverbe) if you run after two hares you will catch neither (proverbe)————————courir à verbe plus préposition[faillite, désastre] to be heading for————————courir après verbe plus préposition[rechercher]————————courir sur verbe plus préposition[approcher de]————————se courir verbe pronominal (emploi passif) -
9 διά
διά prep. w. gen. and acc. (Hom.+) (for lit. s. ἀνά, beg.); the fundamental idea that finds expression in this prep. is separation, esp. in the gen., with the gener. sense ‘through’; in the acc. the gener. sense also is ‘through’ (cp. the semantic range in Eng.), but primarily with a causal focus ‘owing to’.A. w. gen.① marker of extension through an area or object, via, throughⓐ w. verbs of going διέρχεσθαι διὰ πάντων (sc. τόπων, EpArist 132) go through all the places Ac 9:32; cp. Mt 12:43; Lk 11:24. ἀπελεύσομαι διʼ ὑμῶν εἰς I will go through your city on the way to Ro 15:28; cp. 2 Cor. 1:16. διαβαίνειν Hb 11:29. διαπορεύεσθαι διὰ σπορίμων Lk 6:1. εἰσέρχεσθαι διὰ τῆς πύλης (Jos., Ant. 13, 229) Mt 7:13a; τ. θύρας J 10:1f; cp. vs. 9. παρέρχεσθαι διὰ τ. ὁδοῦ pass by along the road Mt 8:28; cp. 7:13b. παραπορεύεσθαι Mk 2:23; 9:30. περιπατεῖν διὰ τοῦ φωτός walk about through or in the light Rv 21:24. ὑποστρέφειν διὰ Μακεδονίας return through M. Ac 20:3.—Ἰης. ὁ ἐλθὼν διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 1J 5:6 first of all refers quite literally to Jesus’ passing through water at the hand of John and through blood at his death (on the expression ‘come through blood’ in this sense cp. Eur., Phoen. 20 in Alex. Aphr., Fat. 31 II 2 p. 202, 10, of the oracle to Laius the father of Oedipus, concerning the bloody downfall of his house: πᾶς σὸς οἶκος βήσεται διʼ αἵματος). But mng. 3c may also apply: Jesus comes with the water of baptism and with the blood of redemption for his own.—AKlöpper, 1J 5:6–12: ZWT 43, 1900, 378–400.—The ῥῆμα ἐκπορευόμενον διὰ στόματος θεοῦ Mt 4:4 (Dt 8:3) is simply the word that proceeds out of the mouth of God (cp. Theognis 1, 18 Diehl3 τοῦτʼ ἔπος ἀθανάτων ἦλθε διὰ στομάτων; Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78 διὰ στόματος λαλεῖ; Chrysippus argues in Diog. L. 7, 187: εἴ τι λαλεῖς, τοῦτο διὰ τοῦ στόματός σου διέρχεται, i.e. if one e.g. says the word ἅμαξα, a wagon passes through the person’s lips; TestIss 7:4 ψεῦδος οὐκ ἀνῆλθε διὰ τ. χειλέων μου. Cp. also δέχεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Gen 33:10 beside δέχ. ἐκ τ. χειρ. τινος Ex 32:4).ⓑ w. other verbs that include motion: οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος διὰ πασῶν τ. ἐκκλησιῶν (sc. ἀγγέλλεται) throughout all the congregations 2 Cor 8:18. διαφέρεσθαι διʼ (v.l. καθʼ) ὅλης τῆς χώρας be spread through the whole region Ac 13:49. διὰ τ. κεράμων καθῆκαν αὐτόν they let him down through the tile roof Lk 5:19. διὰ τοῦ τείχους καθῆκαν through an opening in the wall (Jos., Ant. 5, 15) Ac 9:25; cp. 2 Cor 11:33. (σωθήσεται) ὡς διὰ πυρός as if he had come through fire 1 Cor 3:15. διασῴζεσθαι διʼ ὕδατος be brought safely through the water 1 Pt 3:20.—διʼ ὅλου J 19:23 s. ὅλος 2.ⓐ of a whole period of time, to its very end throughout, through, during διὰ παντός (sc. χρόνου. Edd. gener. write διὰ παντός, but Tdf. writes διαπαντός exc. Mt 18:10) always, continually, constantly (Hdt. 1, 122, 3; Thu. 1, 38, 1; Vett. Val. 220, 1; 16; PLond I, 42, 6 [172 B.C.] p. 30; BGU 1078, 2; PGM 7, 235; LXX; GrBar 10:7; EpArist index; Jos., Ant. 3, 281; SibOr Fgm. 1, 17; Just., D. 6, 2; 12, 3 al.) Mt 18:10; Mk 5:5; Lk 24:53; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); 10:2; 24:16; Ro 11:10 (Ps 68:24); 2 Th 3:16; Hb 9:6; 13:15; Hm 5, 2, 3; Hs 9, 27, 3. διὰ νυκτός during the night, overnight (νύξ 1b) Ac 23:31. διʼ ὅλης νυκτός the whole night through Lk 5:5; J 21:6 v.l. (X., An. 4, 2, 4; Diod S 3, 12, 3 διʼ ὅλης τῆς νυκτός; PGM 4, 3151; Jos., Ant. 6, 37; cp. διʼ ἡμέρας all through the day: IPriene 112, 61 and 99; 1 Macc 12:27; 4 Macc 3:7). διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα Ac 1:3 means either for forty days (Philo, Vi. Cont. 35 διʼ ἓξ ἡμερῶν. So AFridrichsen, ThBl 6, 1927, 337–41; MEnslin, JBL 47, 1928, 60–73) or (s. b below) now and then in the course of 40 days (B-D-F §223, 1; Rob. 581; WMichaelis, ThBl 4, 1925, 102f; Bruce, Acts). διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν throughout the lifetime Hb 2:15 (cp. διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου: X., Mem. 1, 2, 61; Pla., Phileb. 39e; Dionys. Hal. 2, 21; διʼ ὅλου τοῦ ζῆν EpArist 130; 141; 168).ⓑ of a period of time within which someth. occurs during, at (PTebt 48, 10) διὰ (τῆς) νυκτός at night, during the night (Palaeph. 1, 10; PRyl 138, 15 κατέλαβα τοῦτον διὰ νυκτός; Jos., Bell. 1, 229. S. νύξ 1b end) Ac 5:19; 16:9; 17:10. διὰ τῆς ἡμέρας during the day Lk 9:37 D (Antig. Car. 128 διὰ πέμπτης ἡμέρας=on the fifth day). διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν within three days Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58.ⓒ of an interval of time, after (Hdt. 6, 118, 3 διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι; Thu. 2, 94, 3; X., Mem. 2, 8, 1; Diod S 5, 28, 6 of transmigration of souls: διʼ ἐτῶν ὡρισμένων [=after the passing of a certain number of years] πάλιν βιοῦν; OGI 56, 38; 4 Macc 13:21; Jos., Ant. 4, 209): διʼ ἐτῶν πλειόνων after several years Ac 24:17. διὰ δεκατεσσάρων (s. under δέκα) ἐτῶν after 14 years Gal 2:1. διʼ ἡμερῶν several days afterward Mk 2:1. διὰ ἱκανοῦ χρόνου after (quite) some time Ac 11:2 D (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 28 διὰ χρόνου).③ marker of instrumentality or circumstance whereby someth. is accomplished or effected, by, via, throughⓐ of means or instrument γράφειν διά χάρτου καὶ μέλανος write w. paper and ink 2J 12; cp. 3J 13 (Plut., Sol. 87 [17, 3]). διὰ πυρὸς δοκιμάζειν test by fire 1 Pt 1:7. διὰ χρημάτων κτᾶσθαι Ac 8:20. Hebraistically in expr. denoting activity διὰ χειρῶν τινος (LXX) Mk 6:2; Ac 5:12; 14:3; 19:11, 26. Differently γράφειν διὰ χειρός τινος write through the agency of someone 15:23; cp. 11:30. εἰπεῖν διὰ στόματός τινος by the mouth of someone (where the usage discussed in A1a is influential) 1:16; 3:18, 21; 4:25. εὔσημον λόγον διδόναι διὰ τῆς γλώσσης utter intelligible speech with the tongue 1 Cor 14:9. διὰ τοῦ νοὸς λαλεῖν speak, using one’s reason (=consciously; opp., ecstatic speech) vs. 19 v.l. Of the work of Christ: περιποιεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ αἵματος obtain through his blood Ac 20:28; cp. Eph 1:7; Col 1:20. Also διὰ τοῦ θανάτου Ro 5:10; Col 1:22; Hb 2:14; διὰ τοῦ σώματος Ro 7:4; διὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκός AcPlCor 2:6; cp. 2:15; διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ Eph 2:16; διὰ τῆς θυσίας Hb 9:26; διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ through the offering of the body of Jesus 10:10; διὰ παθημάτων 2:10.ⓑ of manner, esp. w. verbs of saying: ἀπαγγέλλειν διὰ λόγου by word of mouth Ac 15:27; cp. 2 Th 2:15. διʼ ἐπιστολῶν by letter (POxy 1066, 9; 1070, 14f πολλάκις σοι γράψας διὰ ἐπιστολῶν πολλῶν; Tat. 12:3 δια γραφῆς in writing) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 10:11; cp. 2 Th 2:2, 15. διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ w. many words Ac 15:32. διʼ ὁράματος εἰπεῖν in a vision 18:9. διὰ παραβολῆς in an illustrative way, in a parable Lk 8:4. διὰ προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως προσεύχεσθαι call on (God) w. prayer and supplication Eph 6:18. διὰ βραχέων ἐπιστέλλειν write briefly Hb 13:22 (cp. 1 Pt 5:12 P72; Isocr. 14, 3; Lucian, Tox. 56; EpArist 128; Ath. 17:1 σκέψασθε … διὰ βρ.). Also διʼ ὀλίγων γράφειν 1 Pt 5:12 (Pla., Phileb. 31d; UPZ 42, 9 [162 B.C.]; 2 Macc 6:17).ⓒ of attendant or prevailing circumstance (Kühner-G. I 482f; X., Cyr. 4, 6, 6 διὰ πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγων; Just., D. 105, 2 διʼ οὗ πάθους ἔμελλενἀποθνῄσκειν; PTebt 35, 9 [111 B.C.] διὰ τῆς γνώμης τινός=with someone’s consent; Jos., Bell. 4, 105) σὲ τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς παραβάτην νόμου you who, (though provided) with the written code and circumcision, are a transgressor/violator of the law Ro 2:27. διʼ ὑπομονῆς 8:25. διὰ προσκόμματος eat with offense (to the scruples of another) 14:20. διʼ ἀκροβυστίας in a state of being uncircumcised 4:11. διὰ πολλῶν δακρύων with many tears 2 Cor 2:4. Cp. 6:7. διὰ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως 2 Pt 1:3 ( through recognition [of God as source of the gifts], s. Danker, Benefactor 457). διὰ πυρός in fiery form AcPlCor 2:13.—Here prob. belongs σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας 1 Ti 2:15 (opp. of the negative theme in Gen. 3:16), but s. d next. On 1J 5:6 s. A1a above.ⓓ of efficient cause via, through διὰ νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας ( only) recognition of sin comes via the law Ro 3:20; cp. 4:13. τὰ παθήματα τὰ διὰ τοῦ νόμου passions aroused via the law 7:5. διὰ νόμου πίστεως by the law of faith 3:27; Gal 2:19. ἀφορμὴν λαμβάνειν διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς Ro 7:8, 11; cp. 13. διὰ τ. εὐαγγελίου ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα (spiritual parenthood) 1 Cor 4:15. Perh. 1 Ti 2:15 but s. c, above. διὰ τῆς σοφίας with its wisdom 1 Cor 1:21; opp. διὰ τῆς μωρίας τοῦ κηρύγματος through the folly of proclamation = foolish proclamation ibid. διὰ τῆς Λευιτικῆς ἱερωσύνης Hb 7:11. Freq. διὰ (τῆς) πίστεως Ro 1:12; 3:22, 25, 30f; Gal 2:16; 3:14, 26; Eph 2:8; 3:12, 17 al. Cp. AcPl Cor 2:8. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη faith which works through (=expresses itself in) deeds of love Gal 5:6. διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ if God is willing Ro 15:32; by the will of God 1 Cor 1:1; 2 Cor 1:1; 8:5; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1.ⓔ of occasion διὰ τῆς χάριτος by virtue of the grace Ro 12:3; Gal 1:15 (Just., D. 100, 2).—3:18; 4:23; Phlm 22. διὰ δόξης καὶ ἀρετῆς in consequence of his glory and excellence 2 Pt 1:3 v.l.ⓕ in wording of urgent requests διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ by the mercy of God Ro 12:1; cp. 15:30; 1 Cor 1:10; 2 Cor 10:1.④ marker of pers. agency, through, byⓐ with focus on agency through ( the agency of), by (X., An. 2, 3, 17 διʼ ἑρμηνέως λέγειν; Menand., Fgm. 210, 1 οὐθεὶς διʼ ἀνθρώπου θεὸς σῴζει … ἑτέρου τόν ἕτερον; Achilles Tat. 7, 1, 3 διʼ ἐκείνου μαθεῖν; Just., D. 75, 4 διὰ παρθένου γεννηθῆναι; PMert 5, 8 γεομετρηθῆναι διʼ αὐτοῦ) ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Mt 1:22; 2:15, 23; 4:14 al. (cp. Just., A I, 47, 5 διὰ Ἠσαίου τοῦ πρ.). γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν Lk 18:31; cp. Ac 2:22; 10:36; 15:12 al. διʼ ἀνθρώπου by human agency Gal 1:1. διὰ Μωϋσέως through Moses (Jos., Ant. 7, 338; Mel., P. 11, 77 διὰ χειρὸς Μωυσέως) J 1:17; under Moses’ leadership Hb 3:16. διʼ ἀγγέλων by means of divine messengers (TestJob 18:5 διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου; cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 136, but s. n. by RMarcus, Loeb ed., ad loc.) Gal 3:19; Hb 2:2. πέμψας διὰ τ. μαθητῶν εἶπεν sent and said through his disciples Mt 11:2f. Cp. the short ending of Mk. γράφειν διά τινος of the bearer IRo 10:1; IPhld 11:2; ISm 12:1, but also of pers. who had a greater or smaller part in drawing up some document (Dionys. of Cor. in Eus., HE 4, 23, 11) 1 Pt 5:12 (on the practice s. ERichards, The Secretary in the Letters of Paul ’91). In this case διά comes close to the mng. represented by (LWenger, D. Stellvertretung im Rechte d. Pap. 1906, 9ff; Dssm., LO 98 [LAE 123f]). So also κρίνει ὁ θεὸς διὰ Χρ. Ἰ. God judges, represented by Christ Jesus Ro 2:16. Christ as intermediary in the creation of the world J 1:3, 10; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16.—εὐχαριστεῖν τ. θεῷ διὰ Ἰ. Χρ. thank God through Jesus Christ Ro 1:8; 7:25; Col 3:17.—Occasionally the mediation becomes actual presence (references for this usage in BKeil, Anonymus Argentinensis 1902, p. 192, 1; 306 note) διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων in the presence of many witnesses 2 Ti 2:2 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 114, 31 διὰ θεοῦ μέσου=in the presence of God as mediator; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 187 τὸ διὰ μαρτύρων κλαίειν=weeping in the presence of witnesses).ⓑ with focus on the originator of an action (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, EpArist)α. of human activity (PSI 354, 6 [254 B.C.] τὸν χόρτον τὸν συνηγμένον διʼ ἡμῶν=by us; 500, 5; 527, 12; 1 Esdr 6:13; 2 Macc 6:21; 4 Macc 1:11) 2 Cor 1:11 (where διὰ πολλῶν resumes ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων). ᾧ παρέλαβε κανόνι διὰ τῶν μακαρίων προφήτων καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου εὐαγγελίου AcPlCor 2:36.β. of divine activity:—of God (Aeschyl., Ag. 1485; Pla., Symp. 186e ἡ ἰατρικὴ πᾶσα διὰ τ. θεοῦ τούτου [Asclepius] κυβερνᾶται; Ael. Aristid., Sarap. [Or. 8 Dind.=45 Keil] 14 K. πάντα γὰρ πανταχοῦ διὰ σοῦ τε καὶ διὰ σὲ ἡμῖν γίγνεται; Zosimus in CALG p. 143 and a magic ring in introd. 133; EpArist 313) 1 Cor 1:9 διʼ οὗ ἐκλήθητε (v.l. ὑπό s. καλέω 4); Ro 11:36 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 240–50; 347f); Hb 2:10b (s. B 2a, below; cp. Ar. 1:5 διʼ αὐτοῦ … τὰ πάντα συνέστηκεν).—Of Christ Ro 1:5; 5:9, 17f, 21; 8:37; 2 Cor 1:20 al. (ASchettler, D. paulin. Formel ‘durch Christus’ 1907; GJonker, De paulin. formule ‘door Christus’: ThSt 27, 1909, 173–208).—Of the Holy Spirit Ac 11:28; 21:4; Ro 5:5.⑤ At times διά w. gen. seems to have causal mng. (Rdm. 142; POxy 299, 2 [I A.D.] ἔδωκα αὐτῷ διὰ σοῦ=because of you; Achilles Tat. 3, 4, 5 διὰ τούτων=for this reason; in Eng. cp. Coleridge, Anc. Mariner 135–36: Every tongue thro’ utter drouth Was wither’d at the root, s. OED s.v. ‘through’ I B 8) διὰ τῆς σαρκός because of the resistance of the flesh Ro 8:3.—2 Cor 9:13.—On the use of διά w. gen. in Ro s. Schlaeger, La critique radicale de l’épître aux Rom.: Congr. d’ Hist. du Christ. II 111f.B. w. acc.① marker of extension through an area, through (Hom. and other early Gk. only in poetry, e.g. Pind. P. 9, 123 διʼ ὅμιλον ‘through the throng’; Hellenistic prose since Dionys. Hal. [JKäser, D. Präpositionen b. Dionys. Hal., diss. Erlangen 1915, 54]; ISyriaW 1866b τὸν πάτρωνα διὰ πάντα of the governor of a whole province) διήρχετο διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 (cp. SibOr 3, 316 ῥομφαία διελεύσεται διὰ μέσον σεῖο).② marker of someth. constituting causeⓐ the reason why someth. happens, results, exists: because of, for the sake of (do something for the sake of a divinity: UPZ 62, 2 [161 B.C.] διὰ τὸν Σάραπιν; JosAs 1:10 διʼ αὐτήν; ApcSed 3:3 διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον; Tat. 8:2 διὰ τὸν … Ἄττιν; Ath. 30, 1 διὰ τὴν Δερκετώ) hated because of the name Mt 10:22; persecution arises because of teaching 13:21; because of unbelief vs. 58; because of a tradition 15:3; διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον (the sabbath was designed) for people Mk 2:27; because of Herodias Mk 6:17 (cp. Just. D. 34, 8 διὰ γυναῖκα); because of a crowd Lk 5:19; 8:19 al; because of Judeans Ac 16:3. διὰ τὸν θόρυβον 21:34; because of rain 28:2. Juristically to indicate guilt: imprisoned for insurrection and murder Lk 23:25. διʼ ὑμᾶς on your account=through your fault Ro 2:24 (Is 52:5). διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν because of the passing over 3:25 (but s. WKümmel, ZTK 49, ’52, 164). διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα on account of transgressions 4:25a (cp. Is 53:5; PsSol 13:5); but διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν in the interest of justification vs. 25b; s. 8:10 for a sim. paired use of διὰ. διὰ τὴν χάριν on the basis of the grace 15:15. διʼ ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκός because of a physical ailment (cp. POxy 726, 10f [II A.D.] οὐ δυνάμενος διʼ ἀσθένειαν πλεῦσαι. Cp. ἀσθένεια 1) Gal 4:13. διὰ τὸ θέλημα σου by your will Rv 4:11. διὰ τὸν χρόνον according to the time = by this time Hb 5:12 (Aelian, VH 3, 37 δ. τὸν χρ.=because of the particular time-situation).—W. words denoting emotions out of (Diod S 5, 59, 8 διὰ τὴν λύπην; 18, 25, 1 διὰ τὴν προπέτειαν=out of rashness; Appian, Celt. 1 §9 διʼ ἐλπίδα; 2 Macc 5:21; 7:20; 9:8; 3 Macc 5:32, 41; Tob 8:7): διὰ φθόνον out of envy Mt 27:18; Phil 1:15. διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους out of tender mercy Lk 1:78. διὰ τ. φόβον τινός out of fear of someone J 7:13. διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην out of the great love Eph 2:4. διὰ τ. πλεονεξίαν in their greediness B 10:4.—Of God as the ultimate goal or purpose of life, whereas διά w. gen. (s. A4bβ above) represents God as Creator, Hb 2:10a (s. Norden, op. cit.; PGM 13, 76 διὰ σὲ συνέστηκεν … ἡ γῆ). Cp. J 6:57 (s. Bultmann ad loc.) PtK 2.ⓑ in direct questions διὰ τί; why? (Hyperid. 3, 17; Dio Chrys. 20 [37], 28; Ael. Aristid. 31 p. 597 D.; oft. LXX; TestJob 37:8; TestLevi 2:9; GrBar, Tat; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 42) mostly in an interrogative clause Mt 9:11, 14; 13:10; 15:2f; 17:19; 21:25; Mk 2:18; 11:31; Lk 5:30; 19:23, 31; 20:5; 24:38; J 7:45; 8:43, 46; 12:5; 13:37; Ac 5:3; 1 Cor 6:7; Rv 17:7. Simply διὰ τί; (Hyperid. 3, 23) Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. Also διατί (always in t.r. and often by Tdf.; TestJob 46:2) B 8:4, 6; Hm 2:5; Hs 5, 5, 5. Kvan Leeuwen Boomkamp, Τι et Διατι dans les évangiles: RevÉtGr 39, 1926, 327–31.—In real and supposed answers and inferences διὰ τοῦτο therefore (X., An. 1, 7, 3; 7, 19; oft. LXX; JosAs 7:7; Ar. 12, 2; Just., A I, 44, 5 al.; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac.) Mt 6:25; 12:27, 31; 13:13, 52; 14:2; 18:23; 21:43; 23:13 v.l.; 24:44; Mk 11:24; 12:24; Lk 11:19 al. Also διὰ ταῦτα (Epict.) Eph 5:6. διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι for this reason, (namely) that J 5:16, 18; 8:47; 10:17; 12:18, 39; 15:19; 1J 3:1. διὰ τοῦτο ἵνα for this reason, (in order) that (Lucian, Abdic. 1) J 1:31; 2 Cor 13:10; 1 Ti 1:16; Phlm 15. Also διὰ τοῦτο ὅπως Hb 9:15.ⓒ διά foll. by inf. or acc. w. inf., representing a causal clause, because (Gen 39:9; Dt 1:36; 1 Macc 6:53; GrBar 8:4; Demetr.: 722 fgm 1:1 al.) διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν βάθος because it had no depth Mt 13:5f; Mk 4:5f (διὰ τὸ μή w. inf.: X., Mem. 1, 3, 5; Hero Alex. I 348, 7; III 274, 19; Lucian, Hermot. 31); because lawlessness increases Mt 24:12; διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου Δ.. Lk 2:4; because it was built well 6:48 al. διὰ τὸ λέγεσθαι ὑπό τινων because it was said by some Lk 9:7 (for the constr. cp. Herodian 7, 12, 7 διὰ τὸ τὰς ἐξόδους ὑπὸ τ. πυρὸς προκατειλῆφθαι=because the exit-routes were blocked by the fire).ⓓ instead of διά w. gen. to denote the efficient cause we may have διά, byα. w. acc. of thing (schol. on Pind., N. 4, 79a; 2 Macc 12:11; EpArist 77) διὰ τὸ αἷμα by the blood Rv 12:11. διὰ τὰ σημεῖα by the miracles 13:14.β. w. acc. of pers. and freq. as expr. of favorable divine action (Aristoph., Plut. 468; Dionys. Hal. 8, 33, 3, 1579 μέγας διὰ τ. θεούς ἐγενόμην; Ael. Aristid. 24, 1 K.=44 p. 824 D.: διʼ οὓς [= θεούς] ἐσώθην; SIG 1122; OGI 458, 40; PGM 13, 579 διῳκονομήθη τ. πάντα διὰ σέ; EpArist 292; Sir 15:11; 3 Macc 6:36: other exx. in SEitrem and AFridrichsen, E. christl. Amulett auf Pap. 1921, 24). ζῶ διὰ τὸν πατέρα J 6:57 (cp. PKöln VI, 245, 16 of Isis σὺ κυρεῖς τὰ πάντα, διὰ σὲ δʼ εἰσορῶ φαός ‘you are responsible for everything and thanks to you I can see light’). διὰ τὸν ὑποτάξαντα by the one who subjected it Ro 8:20.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
10 πρός
πρός prep. expressing direction ‘on the side of’, ‘in the direction of’: w. gen. ‘from’, dat. ‘at’, or acc. (the most freq. usage in our lit.) ‘to’ (s. the lit. s.v. ἀνά. beg.) (Hom.+).① w. gen. (pseudepigr. only TestSol 10:4 C; apolog. exc. Ar.) marker of direction or aspect from which someth. is determined, to the advantage of, advantageous for (Thu. 3, 59, 1 οὐ πρὸς τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης τάδε; Hdt. 1, 75; Dionys. Hal. 10, 30, 5; Diod S 18, 50, 5; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 20, 3; Mel., HE 4, 26, 8; Ath. 36, 1; B-D-F §240; Rob. 623f) οἱ πρ. ζωῆς μαζοί the life-giving breasts 1 Cl 20:10. πρ. τῆς σωτηρίας in the interest of safety Ac 27:34 (πρὸς τῆς ς. as Jos., Ant. 16, 313).② w. dat. (pesudepigr. only TestSol 6:4 D; TestAbr [s. below]; JosAs 19:1.—Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7; Ath., R. 22 p. 75, 10) marker of closeness of relation or proximityⓐ of place near, at, by (Hom. et al. incl. Aristarch. Samos 398, 20; LXX; TestSol 6:4 D; Jos., Ant 8, 349; 381) Mk 5:11; around Rv 1:13. πρ. τῇ θύρᾳ ἑστηκέναι stand at the door (Menand., Fgm. 420, 1; 830 K.=352, 1; 644 Kö.; JosAs 19:1) J 18:16; cp. 20:11. πρὸς τῇ πύλῃ GJs 4:4; ἐγγίζοντος αὐτοῦ πρ. τῇ καταβάσει τοῦ ὄρους when he came close to the slope of the mountain Lk 19:37 (s. κατάβασις). πρ. τῇ κεφαλῇ, τοῖς ποσίν at the head, at the feet J 20:12. τὰ πρ. ταῖς ῥίζαις the parts near the roots Hs 9, 1, 6; 9, 21, 1. In geographical designations Μαγνησία ἡ πρ. Μαιάνδρῳ Magnesia on the Maeander IMagnMai ins.—(Cp. the temporal use: πρὸς ἑσπέρᾳ ἐστίν it takes place at evening TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 7 [Stone p. 60]; cp. Just., D. 105, 3 and 5; 142, 1.)ⓑ in addition to (Hom. et al.; Polyb., Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7; Ath., R. 22 p. 75, 10; ins) πρὸς τούτοις (SIG 495, 105; 685, 70 and 100; 796 B, 30; 888, 35 al.; UPZ 26, 18; 25 [163 B.C.]; 2 Macc 4:9; 5:23; 9:17, 25; 14:4, esp. 12:2; Philo, Aet. M. 67 al.; Just., A I, 40, 5; D. 93, 4 al.) 1 Cl 17:1.③ w. acc. (pseudepigr. and apolog. throughout) marker of movement or orientation toward someone/someth.ⓐ of place, pers., or thing toward, towards, to, after verbsα. of going; s. ἄγω 5, ἀναβαίνω 1aα, ἀνακάμπτω 1a, ἀπέρχομαι 1b, διαβαίνω, διαπεράω, εἴσειμι, εἰσέρχομαι 1bα, ἐκπορεύομαι 1c, also ἐπισυνάγομαι Mk 1:33, ἔρχομαι 1aβ, ἥκω 1d et al.—προσαγωγὴ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα Eph 2:18. εἴσοδος 1 Th 1:9a.β. of sending; s. ἀναπέμπω Lk 23:7, 15; Ac 25:21, ἀποστέλλω 1bα, πέμπω.γ. of motion gener.; s. βληθῆναι (βάλλω 1b), ἐπιστρέφω 1a, 4ab, κεῖμαι 2, πίπτω 1bαא and ב, προσκολλάω, προσκόπτω 1, προσπίπτω.δ. of leading, guiding; s. ἄγω 1a, ἀπάγω 2a and 4, also ἕλκω 2 end J 12:32, κατασύρω, etc.ε. of saying, speaking; s. ἀποκρίνομαι 1, also δημηγορέω Ac 12:21, εἶπον 1a, λαλέω 2aγ and 2b, λέγω 1bγ et al. Hebraistically λαλεῖν στόμα πρὸς στόμα speak face to face (Jer 39:4; ApcEsdr 6:6 p. 31, 10 Tdf.) 2J 12b; 3J 14 (cp. PGM 1, 39 τὸ στόμα πρὸς τὸ στόμα). πρὸς ἀλλήλους to one another, with each other, among themselves: s. ἀντιβάλλω, διαλαλέω, also διαλέγομαι Mk 9:34, διαλογίζομαι 8:16; Lk 20:14, εἶπον 24:32; J 16:17; 19:24, λαλέω, λέγω et al. πρὸς ἑαυτούς to themselves, to each other: s. διαλογίζομαι 1; εἶπον Mk 12:7; J 7:35; λέγω (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 15, 7 πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγεν; Just., D. 62, 2) Mk 10:26; 16:3. διαθήκην ὁ θεὸς διέθετο πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν, λέγων πρὸς Ἀβραάμ God made a covenant with your fathers, when he said to Abraham Ac 3:25 (διατίθημι 1). ὅρκον ὀμνύναι πρ. τινα (ὀμνύω, end) Lk 1:73.ζ. of asking, praying δέομαι Ac 8:24. εὔχομαι (s. εὔχομαι 1; cp. 2 Macc 9:13) 2 Cor 13:7. προσεύχομαι (cp. 1 Km 12:19; 2 Esdr 12: 4; 2 Macc 2:10) Hv 1, 1, 9. γνωρίζεσθαι πρὸς τὸν θεόν Phil 4:6 (γνωρίζω 1).—Also after nouns like δέησις, λόγος et al. Ro 10:1; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:18 al.ⓑ of time near, at, or during (a certain time)α. denoting approach toward (X., Pla. et al.) πρὸς ἑσπέραν toward evening Lk 24:29 (so Just., D. 97, 1; s. ἑσπέρα).β. of temporal duration for πρὸς καιρόν for a time, for a while (καιρός 1a) Lk 8:13; 1 Cor 7:5. πρὸς καιρὸν ὥρας (καιρός 1a) 1 Th 2:17. πρὸς ὥραν for an hour, i.e. for a short time J 5:35; 2 Cor 7:8; Gal 2:5a; Phlm 15; MPol 11:2. πρὸς ὀλίγας ἡμέρας Hb 12:10. Also πρὸς ὀλίγον Js 4:14; GJs 19:2 (ὀλίγος 3). πρὸς τὸ παρόν for the present Hb 12:11 (πάρειμι 1b).α. with conscious purpose for, for the purpose of, on behalf of οὗτος ἦν ὁ πρὸς τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην καθήμενος this was the one who sat (and begged) for alms Ac 3:10. πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ Ro 3:26. τοῦτο πρὸς τὸ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν σύμφορον λέγω 1 Cor 7:35a; cp. 35b. ἐγράφη πρὸς νουθεσίαν ἡμῶν 10:11. Cp. Ro 15:2; 1 Cor 6:5; 2 Cor 4:6; 7:3; 11:8; Eph 4:12.—W. acc. of the inf. (Polyb. 1, 48, 5; PRyl 69, 16; BGU 226, 22; Jer 34:10; 2 Macc 4:45; TestJob 45:4; Jos., Ant. 14, 170; 15, 148 al.; Just., D. 132, 1) πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις in order to be seen by men Mt 23:5; cp. 6:1. πρὸς τὸ κατακαῦσαι αὐτά 13:30. πρὸς τὸ ἐνταφιάσαι με 26:12. πρὸς τὸ ἀποπλανᾶν εἰ δυνατὸν τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς Mk 13:22. πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἀτενίσαι υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ 2 Cor 3:13. Cp. Eph 6:11a; 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8; Js 3:3 v.l.β. gener. of design, destiny (Demetr.[?]: 722 Fgm. 7 Jac. πρὸς τὴν κάρπωσιν; TestJob 42:7 τὰ πρὸς θυσίαν; Jos., Bell. 4, 573 τὸ πρ. σωτηρίαν φάρμακον) τῷ θεῷ πρὸς δόξαν for the glory of God 2 Cor 1:20 (on πρὸς δόξαν cp. SIG 456, 15; 704e, 21; 3 Macc 2:9; Just., A I, 15, 10 μηδὲν πρὸς δόξαν ποιεῖν). τῇ πυρώσει πρὸς πειρασμὸν ὑμῖν γινομένῃ 1 Pt 4:12.—After adjectives and participles for ἀγαθὸς πρὸς οἰκοδομήν Eph 4:29 (ἀγ. 1a) ἀδόκιμος Tit 1:16. ἀνεύθετος πρὸς παραχειμασίαν Ac 27:12. γεγυμνασμένος Hb 5:14. δυνατός 2 Cor 10:4. ἐξηρτισμένος 2 Ti 3:17. ἕτοιμος (q.v. b) Tit 3:1; 1 Pt 3:15. ἱκανός (q.v. 2) 2 Cor 2:16. ὠφέλιμος 1 Ti 4:8ab; 2 Ti 3:16.γ. of the result that follows a set of circumstances (so that) πάντα πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν γινέσθω everything is to be done in such a way that it contributes to edification 1 Cor 14:26; cp. vs. 12; Col 2:23 (but see eδ below); 1 Ti 4:7. ὁ βλέπων γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτήν one who looks at a woman with sinful desire Mt 5:28, but s. eε below. λευκαί εἰσιν πρὸς θερισμόν they (the fields) are white, so that the harvest may begin J 4:35. αὕτη ἡ ἀσθένεια οὐκ ἔστιν πρὸς θάνατον this disease is not of the kind that will lead to death 11:4. Cp. ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον 1J 5:16f.ⓓ of relationship (hostile or friendly), against, forα. hostile against, with after verbs of disputing, etc.; s. ἀνταγωνίζομαι, γογγύζω, διακρίνομαι (διακρίνω 5b), διαλέγομαι 1, πικραίνομαι (πικραίνω 2), στασιάζω, ἔστην (ἵστημι B3). ἐστίν τινι ἡ πάλη πρός Eph 6:12. ἔχειν τι πρός τινα have anything (to bring up) against someone Ac 24:19. μομφὴν ἔχειν πρός τινα Col 3:13. πρᾶγμα ἔχειν πρός τινα 1 Cor 6:1 (πρᾶγμα 4). ἐγένετο γογγυσμὸς τῶν Ἑλληνιστῶν πρὸς τοὺς Ἑβραίους Ac 6:1. τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς 2 Cor 6:11 (ἀνοίγω 7). ἐν ἔχθρᾳ ὄντες πρὸς αὐτούς Lk 23:12. βλασφημίαι πρὸς τὸν θεόν Rv 13:6 (cp. TestJob 25:10 εἰπὲ ἓν ῥῆμα πρὸς τὸν θεόν). ἀσύμφωνοι πρ. ἀλλήλους unable to agree among themselves Ac 28:25 (Tat. 25, 2); cp. the structure of Col 2:23.β. friendly to, toward, with, before ἐργάζεσθαι τὸ ἀγαθόν Gal 6:10ab (ἐργάζομαι 2a). μακροθυμεῖν 1 Th 5:14. εἰρήνην ἔχειν πρὸ τὸν θεόν Ro 5:1 (s. εἰρήνη 2b). παρρησίαν ἔχειν πρὸς τ. θεόν 1J 3:21; cp. 5:14. πίστιν ἔχειν πρὸς τ. κύριον Ἰ. Phlm 5. πεποίθησιν ἔχειν πρὸς τ. θεόν 2 Cor 3:4. ἔχειν χάριν πρὸς ὅλον τὸν λαόν Ac 2:47 (FCheetham, ET 74, ’63, 214f). πραΰτητα ἐνδείκνυσθαι Tit 3:2. ἐν σοφίᾳ περιπατεῖν Col 4:5. ἤπιον εἶναι πρὸς πάντας 2 Ti 2:24.—After substantives: πίστις 1 Th 1:8 (cp. 4 Macc 15:24; Just., D. 121, 2); παρρησία 2 Cor 7:4; κοινωνία 6:14; συμφώνησις vs. 15 (cp. Is 7:2).ⓔ to indicate a connection by marking a point of reference, with reference/regard toα. with reference to (Ocellus Luc. c. 42 πρὸς ἡμᾶς=with reference to us) ἔγνωσαν ὅτι πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὴν παραβολὴν εἶπεν they recognized that he had spoken the parable with reference to them Mk 12:12; Lk 20:19; cp. 12:41 (Vita Aesopi cod. G 98 P. οἱ Σάμιοι νοήσαντες πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς εἰρῆσθαι τοὺς λόγους; Just., D. 122, 3 ταῦτα … πρὸς τὸν χριστὸν … εἴρηται). ἔλεγεν παραβολὴν πρὸς τὸ δεῖν προσεύχεσθαι he told them a parable about the need of praying 18:1 (Just., D. 90, 5 σύμβολον … πρὸς τὸν χριστόν). οὐδεὶς ἔγνω πρὸς τί εἶπεν αὐτῷ nobody understood with respect to what (= why) he said (this) to him J 13:28. πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν with reference to (i.e. because of) your perversity Mt 19:8; Mk 10:5 (Just., D. 45, 3). Cp. Ro 10:21a; Hb 1:7f. οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ πρὸς οὐδὲ ἓν ῥῆμα he did not answer him a single word with reference to anything Mt 27:14 (s. ἀποκρίνομαι 1). ἀνταποκριθῆναι πρὸς ταῦτα Lk 14:6 (s. ἀνταποκρίνομαι). ἀπρόσκοπον συνείδησιν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν θεόν have a clear conscience with respect to God Ac 24:16.β. as far as … is concerned, with regard to (Maximus Tyr. 31, 3b) πρὸς τὴν πληροφορίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος Hb 6:11. συνιστάνοντες ἑαυτοὺς πρὸς πᾶσαν συνείδησιν ἀνθρώπων we are recommending ourselves as far as every human conscience is concerned = to every human conscience (πρός w. acc. also stands simply for the dative; s. Mayser II/2 p. 359) 2 Cor 4:2. τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν that which concerns God or as adverbial acc. with reference to what concerns God (Soph., Phil. 1441; X., De Rep. Lac. 13, 11; Ps.-Isocr. 1, 13 εὐσεβεῖν τὰ πρὸς τ. θεούς; SIG 204, 51f; 306, 38; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 109, 3 εὐσεβὴς τὰ πρὸς θεούς; Ex 4:16; 18:19; Jos., Ant. 9, 236) Ro 15:17; Hb 2:17; 5:1. τὰ πρός τι that which belongs to someth.; that which is necessary for someth. (Plut., Mor. 109b; Jos., Ant. 12, 405 τὰ πρὸς τὴν μάχην; 14, 27; a standard term in state documents) τὰ πρὸς ἀπαρτισμόν Lk 14:28 v.l. τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην (TestJud 9) vs. 32; what makes for peace 19:42. Cp. Ac 28:10; 2 Pt 1:3.γ. elliptically τί πρὸς ἡμᾶς (sc. ἐστιν); what is that to us? Mt 27:4. τί πρὸς σέ; how does it concern you? J 21:22f (cp. Epict. 4, 1, 10 τί τοῦτο πρὸς σέ; Plut., Mor. 986b; Vi. Aesopi I 14 p. 265, 4 Eberh. τί πρὸς ἐμέ; ApcMos 11 οὐ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἡ πλεονεξία σου).δ. in accordance with ὀρθοποδεῖν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν Gal 2:14. πρὸς τὸ κένωμα in accordance with the emptiness Hm 11:3. πρὸς τὸ θέλημα in accordance w. the will Lk 12:47; Hs 9, 5, 2. πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν 2 Cor 5:10. πρὸς ὅ Eph 3:4.—In comparison with, to be compared to (Pind., Hdt. et al.; Ps.-Luc., Halc. 3 πρὸς τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα=[life is short] in comparison to all eternity; Sir 25:19; TestJob 18:8; 23:8; Just., D. 19, 2 οὐδὲν … πρὸς τὸ βάπτισμα τοῦτο τὸ τῆς ζωῆς ἐστι; Tat. 29, 1 ὀρθοποδεῖν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν) ἄξια πρός Ro 8:18 (RLeaney, ET 64, ’52f; 92 interprets Col 2:23 in the light of this usage). Cp. IMg 12.ε. expressing purpose πρὸς τό w. inf. (s. Mayser II/1 p. 331f) in order to, for the purpose of Mk 13:22; Ac 3:19 v.l. Perh. Mt 5:28 (s. cγ above).ⓕ in adverbial expressions (cp. πρὸς ὀργήν = ὀργίλως Soph., Elect. 369; Jos., Bell. 2, 534. πρὸς βίαν = βιαίως Aeschyl., Prom. 208, 353, Eum. 5; Menand., Sam. 559 S. [214 Kö.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 3. πρὸς ἡδονήν Jos., Ant. 7, 195; 12, 398; Just., A II, 3, 2 πρὸς χάριν καὶ ἡδονὴν τῶν πολλῶν) πρὸς φθόνον prob.=φθονερῶς jealously Js 4:5 (s. φθόνος, where the lit. is given). πρὸς εὐφρασίαν w. joy AcPl Ox 6, 9f (cp. Aa 1 p. 241, 1 ὑπερευφραινομένη).ⓖ by, at, near πρός τινα εἶναι be (in company) with someone Mt 13:56; Mk 6:3; 9:19a; 14:49; Lk 9:41; J 1:1f; 1 Th 3:4; 2 Th 2:5; 3:10; 1J 1:2. διαμένειν Ac 10:48 D; Gal 2:5b. ἐπιμένειν 1:18; 1 Cor 16:7. παραμένειν 16:6 (v.l. κατα-). μένειν Ac 18:3 D. παρεῖναι 12:20; 2 Cor 11:9; Gal 4:18, 20; cp. παρουσία πρὸς ὑμᾶς Phil 1:26. παρεπιδημεῖν 1 Cl 1:2. ἐποίησεν τρεῖς μῆνας πρὸς τὴν Ἐλισάβεδ GJs 12:3. πρὸς σὲ ποιῶ τὸ πάσχα Mt 26:18b. Cp. also 2 Cor 1:12; 7:12; 12:21; 2 Th 3:1; Phlm 13; 1J 2:1; Hm 11:9b v.l.—πρὸς ἑαυτούς among or to themselves Mk 9:10 (in case πρὸς ἑ. belongs w. τὸν λόγον ἐκράτησαν; B-D-F §239, 1). πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσηύχετο he uttered a prayer to himself Lk 18:11. Cp. 24:12.—δεδεμένον πρὸς θύραν tied at a door Mk 11:4. τὴν πᾶσαν σάρκα ἀνθρώπων πρὸς ἡδονὴν ἐδέσμευεν (Satan) bound all humankind to self-gratification AcPlCor 2:11. πρὸς τ. θάλασσαν by the seaside Mk 4:1b. On πρὸς τὸ φῶς at the fire Mk 14:54; Lk 22:56 s. B-D-F §239, 3; Rob. 625 (perh. w. the idea of turning toward the fire; s. also 4 Km 23:3). πρὸς ἓν τῶν ὀρέων at one of the mountains 1 Cl 10:7. τὰ πρὸς τὴν θύραν the place near the door Mk 2:2. πρὸς γράμμα letter by letter Hv 2, 1, 4.—On πρός τι terms s. PWouters, The Treatment of Relational Nouns in Ancient Grammar: Orbis 38, ’95, 149–78 (lit.). M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
11 cover
ˈkʌvə
1. сущ.
1) а) крышка, покрышка, колпак, колпачок The jewel box had a carved wooden cover. ≈ Крышка коробки для драгоценностей была украшена деревянной резьбой. б) обложка, переплет;
одна сторона обложки to read from cover to cover ≈ прочесть от корки до корки( о книге) Don't judge a book by its cover. ≈ Не суди о книге по ее обложке. Syn: binding
1. в) футляр;
чехол a mattress cover ≈ чехол на матрац г) конверт, пакет;
обертка under the same cover ≈ в том же конверте under separate cover ≈ в отдельном пакете, в отдельном конверте д) покрывало;
одеяло Do you want another cover on the bed? ≈ Ты хочешь другое покрывало на кровать? Syn: blanket
1., comforter, quilt
1., coverlet, eiderdown ∙ Syn: lid
1., top I
1., cap I
1., covering
1. ;
wrapper, case II
1., encasement, envelope, jacket
1.
2) а) убежище, укрытие;
воен. прикрытие, заслон under cover ≈ в укрытии, под защитой to take cover ≈ укрыться When the rain started, we took cover under a large tree. ≈ Когда начался дождь, мы спрятались под большим деревом. air cover ≈ воздушная защита Syn: protection, shelter
1., shield
1., guard
1., defence;
asylum, refuge
1., sanctuary, concealment б) покров under cover of darkness ≈ под покровом темноты Syn: cloak
1. в) перен. ширма;
предлог, отговорка under cover of friendship ≈ под личиной дружбы Syn: screen
1., disguise
1., pretence
3) а) охот. укрытие, логово( зверя) б) растительный покров
4) а) коммерч. гарантийный фонд б) страхование
5) прибор (обеденный)
2. гл.
1) накрывать, закрывать, покрывать to cover a wall with paper ≈ оклеивать стену обоями Grandmother always covered the table with a lace cloth. ≈ Бабушка всегда покрывает стол кружевной скатертью. The roof was covered with wooden shingles. ≈ Крыша была покрыта кровельной дранкой. to cover (one's head) ≈ надевать( шляпу и т. п.) Syn: put on, put over, lay on, overlay
2., blanket
3., clothe, sheathe, shroud, envelop, wrap
2., enwrap
2) защищать, ограждать, укрывать The tent covered the campers from the rain. ≈ Палатка предохранила отдыхающих от дождя. to cover a siege ≈ выдерживать осаду some woods which covered their retreat ≈ леса, которые прикрыли их отступление Syn: protect, shield
2., guard
2., shelter
2., defend
3) а) закрывать;
скрывать, маскировать, прятать She covered her face with her hands. ≈ Она закрыла лицо руками. Frank laughed to cover his anxiety. ≈ Фрэнк засмеялся, чтобы скрыть тревогу. to cover the retreat ≈ прикрывать отступление to cover one's tracks ≈ заметать свои следы Syn: hide II
2., conceal, obscure
2., secrete;
cloak
2., veil
2., hood
2., screen
2. ;
mask
2., disguise
2., camouflage
2. б) спорт закрывать, прикрывать (игрока соперника) ;
прикрывать (участок поля)
4) включать, содержать, охватывать;
относиться( к чему-л.) The history book covers the years of Eisenhower's presidency. ≈ Эта книга по истории охватывает годы президентства Эйзенхауэра. Syn: deal with, include, involve, contain;
embrace
2., embody, comprise, take in, comprehend
5) освещать (события и т. п.) в печати, на телевидении, по радио The reporter covered the convention for the local newspaper. ≈ Журналист давал материалы о партийном съезде в местную газету. Syn: report
2., tell of, describe, chronicle, write up
6) лежать, покрывать;
расстилаться;
распространяться Water covered the floor. ≈ Вода покрывает пол. His brewery covers nearly four acres of ground. ≈ Его пивоварня занимает почти четыре акра земли.
7) преодолевать, проходить( какое-л. расстояние) ;
спорт пройти( дистанцию) The distance covered was close on twenty miles. ≈ Пройденное расстояние равнялось почти двадцати милям. We covered three states in two days. ≈ Мы проехали три штата за два дня. Syn: travel through, pass over, pass through, traverse
2., cross
3.
8) а) комерч. покрывать, обеспечивать( денежным) покрытием б) страховать This insurance covers the traveler in any accident. ≈ Эта страховка страхует путешественника от любого несчастного случая. Syn: insure
9) предусматривать, разрешать The rules covers all cases. ≈ Правила предусматривают все случаи.
10) покрывать (кобылу;
по отношению к другим животным употребляется редко)
11) сидеть( на яйцах)
12) держать под прицелом ∙ cover for cover in cover over cover up (по) крышка;
обертка;
покрывало;
чехол;
футляр, колпак - a * for a saucepan крышка кастрлюли - a * for a chair чехол для стула - glass * стеклянный колпак конверт;
обертка;
упаковка - under plain * в конверте без фирменного штампа, в простом конверте - under separate * (канцелярское) в отдельном конверте - this is a receipt, the goods will be sent under separate * посылаем вам расписку, а товар будет выслан отдельно переплет;
обложка - soft * мягкая обложка - to read a book from * to * прочесть книгу от корки до корки убежище, укрытие;
прикрытие, "крышка" - * from fire (военное) укрытие от огня - * from view (военное) укрытие от наблюдения - under * в укрытиии - to take * найти убежище, спрятаться - to break * внезапно появиться;
выйти из укрытия - the spy's * was to act as a bartender шпион скрывался под видом бармена (спортивное) прикрытие, защита покров - land * растительный покров - sky * облачность, облачный покров (of) покрывало, покров - under * of darkness под покровом темноты лесной покров, полог леса (ботаника) покров семяпочки или семени (охота) нора, логовище - to break * поднять из логовища личина, маска - under * of friendship под личиной дружбы - under * of patriotism прикрываясь патриотизмом прибор, куверт - *s were laid for four стол был накрыт на четыре персоны плата "за куверт" (в ресторане, ночном клубе) (коммерческое) гарантийный фонд;
страхование (геология) покрывающие породы( автомобильное) покрышка (театроведение) замена;
заменяющий актер или -ая актриса;
исполнитель из второго состава > under * тайный;
секретный;
> he kept his activities under * он держал свою деятельность в тайне;
тайно;
секретно;
> they met under * они встречались тайно покрывать, закрывать, накрывать - to * a saucepan закрывать кастрюлю - to * up a baby укутать ребенка - to * plants with straw прикрыть растения соломой (редкое) покрывать (голову, плечи) ;
укрывать - to * one's head надеть шляпу - to remain *ed не снять шляпы - pray be *ed (устаревшее) прошу надеть шляпу прикрывать, ограждать, защищать - to * a retreat прикрывать отступление - the warships *ed the landing of the army военные корабли прикрывали высадку армии - the father *ed the boy from the fire with his own body отец своим телом укрыл мальчика от огня( спортивное) держать, закрывать (игрока) прятать, скрывать - to * one's face with one's hands закрыть лицо руками - the enemy were *ed from our sight by woods лес скрывал от нас неприятеля - to * one's shame скрыть стыд - to * one's tracks замести следы покрывать;
находить оправдания - his family kept *ing for him семья постоянно покрывала его - to * up for a friend покрывать друга;
выручать друга (книжное) покрыть, увенчать;
запятнать - to * oneself with glory покрыть себя славой покрывать, обдавать - you are *ed with dust ты весь в пыли - a passing motor *ed me with mud проезжавшая мимо машина обдала меня грязью обивать;
оклеивать - to * the seat of a chair with leather обить кожей сиденье стула - to * with wall-paper оклеить обоями покрывать;
распространяться;
расстилаться - snow *ed the ground земля была покрыта снегом, на земле лежал снег - enemy troops *ed the whole country вражеские войска наводнили всю страну - the floods *ed a large area наводнение распространялось на большую территорию покрывать, охватывать;
относиться - his researches * a wide field его исследования охватывают широкую область - documents *ing the sale документы, касающиеся продажи( for) (разговорное) заменять, подменять - please * for me at the counter for a few minutes пожалуйства, подмени меня у прилавка на несколько минут( театроведение) заменять держать под наблюдением - the police got all the roads *ed полиция перекрыла все дороги пройти, проехать - he *ed the distance in an hour он прошел расстояние за час - by evening we had *ed sixty miles к вечеру мы проехали шестьдесят миль( спортивное) пробежать дистанцию - to * the distance in great style показать на дистанции высокую технику бега освещать в печати - to * football matches давать репортаж о футбольных матчах - to * the theatres освещать театральную жизнь предусматривать - the rules * all cases правила предусматривают все случаи (коммерческое) обеспечить покрытие;
покрывать - to * one's expenses покрыть расходы - the loan was *ed many times сумма займа была перекрыта во много раз страховать - my policy *s me against loss from fire мое имущество застраховано от пожара - you should get yourself *ed as soon as possible тебе надо поскорее застраховаться( карточное) покрывать, крыть принять пари;
поставить( сельскохозяйственное) случать;
крыть (матку) сидеть (на яйцах) (военное) держать под обстрелом;
держать под прицелом - don't move, I have you *ed не шевелись, буду стрелять additional premium for short-term ~ дополнительная страховая премия за краткосрочное покрытие рисков advance ~ авансовое покрытие all risks ~ покрытие всех рисков back ~ четвертая сторонка обложки bank-note ~ покрытие банкнот blanket ~ общее страхование blanket ~ полный перечень рисков, охватываемых страховым полисом ~ охватывать;
относиться (к чему-л.) ;
the book covers the whole subject книга дает исчерпывающие сведения по всему предмету cash ~ денежное покрытие ~ разрешать, предусматривать;
the circumstances are covered by this clause обстоятельства предусмотрены этим пунктом ~ расстилаться;
распространяться;
the city covers ten square miles город занимает десять квадратных миль cost escalation ~ покрытие роста издержек cover = cover-point ~ ком. гарантийный фонд ~ гарантийный фонд ~ гарантировать ~ давать материал, отчет( для прессы) ~ закрывать;
покрывать;
накрывать;
прикрывать;
перекрывать;
to cover a wall with paper оклеивать стену обоями ~ конверт;
under the same cover в том же конверте ~ конверт ~ (по) крышка;
обертка;
чехол;
покрывало;
футляр, колпак ~ обеспечение ~ обеспечивать покрытие ~ обеспечить покрытие (денежное) ~ обложка, переплет, крышка переплета;
to read from cover to cover прочесть от корки до корки (о книге) ~ полигр. обложка ~ обшивка ~ относиться (к чему-л.) ~ охватывать;
относиться (к чему-л.) ;
the book covers the whole subject книга дает исчерпывающие сведения по всему предмету ~ охватывать ~ полигр. переплет ~ перечень рисков, охватываемых страховым полисом ~ покров;
under cover of darkness под покровом темноты ~ покрывать (кобылу и т. п.) ~ покрывать ~ покрытие ~ покрытие (денежное) ~ покупка ценных бумаг при сделках на срок ~ преодолевать, проходить (какое-л. расстояние) ;
спорт. пройти (дистанцию) ~ прибор (обеденный) ~ принимать на страх ~ разрешать, предусматривать;
the circumstances are covered by this clause обстоятельства предусмотрены этим пунктом ~ распространяться ~ расстилаться;
распространяться;
the city covers ten square miles город занимает десять квадратных миль ~ сидеть (на яйцах) ~ скрывать;
to cover one's confusion (annoyance) чтобы скрыть (или не показать) свое смущение( досаду) ~ страхование ~ страховать ~ убежище, укрытие;
прикрытие;
заслон;
under cover в укрытии, под защитой ;
to take cover укрыться ~ укрывать, ограждать, защищать;
he covered his friend from the blow with his own body он своим телом закрыл друга от удара ~ уплата( по счету, векселю) ~ целиться( из ружья и т. п.) ;
держать под угрозой ~ ширма;
предлог;
отговорка;
личина, маска;
under cover of friendship под личиной дружбы ~ закрывать;
покрывать;
накрывать;
прикрывать;
перекрывать;
to cover a wall with paper оклеивать стену обоями ~ for losses покрытие убытков ~ girl хорошенькая девушка, изображение которой помещают на обложке журнала;
журнальная красотка ~ in забросать землей( могилу) ~ in закрыть ~ of loss покрытие убытков ~ of loss покрытие ущерба ~ on death сумма страхового возмещения при смертельном исходе ~ скрывать;
to cover one's confusion (annoyance) чтобы скрыть (или не показать) свое смущение (досаду) to ~ one's face with one's hands закрыть лицо руками to ~ the retreat прикрывать отступление;
to cover one's tracks заметать свои следы ~ over скрыть, прикрыть to ~ the retreat прикрывать отступление;
to cover one's tracks заметать свои следы ~ up прятать ~ up спрятать, тщательно прикрыть cover = cover-point cover-point: cover-point спорт. защитник( в крикете) ~ спорт. место защитника (в крикете) demand for ~ требование покрытия depot under ~ хранилище под крышей dust ~ полигр. суперобложка exchange rate risk ~ страхование от риска изменения валютного курса exchange risk ~ страхование от валютного риска extended ~ расширенное страхование forward ~ бирж. срочное покрытие forward ~ бирж. форвардное покрытие front ~ первая сторонка обложки front ~ передняя часть обложки full ~ полное покрытие ~ укрывать, ограждать, защищать;
he covered his friend from the blow with his own body он своим телом закрыл друга от удара inside back ~ третья сторонка обложки inside front ~ вторая сторонка обложки insurance ~ объем страховой ответственности interest ~ обеспечение выплаты процентов liability insurance ~ риски, охватываемые страхованием гражданской ответственности margin ~ бирж. покрытие маржи master ~ суперобложка maximum ~ максимальный объем страховой ответственности minimum ~ минимальное покрытие molded ~ формованная накладка open ~ генеральный полис open ~ открытый полис primary ~ первичное страхование provide forward ~ бирж. предоставлять срочное обеспечение provide forward ~ бирж. предоставлять форвардное обеспечение ~ обложка, переплет, крышка переплета;
to read from cover to cover прочесть от корки до корки (о книге) reinsurance ~ объем ответственности при перестраховании reserve fund ~ покрытие резервного фонда risk ~ перечень рисков, охватываемых страховым полисом subsequent ~ последующая уплата по счету surplus ~ избыточное покрытие ~ убежище, укрытие;
прикрытие;
заслон;
under cover в укрытии, под защитой ;
to take cover укрыться ~ убежище, укрытие;
прикрытие;
заслон;
under cover в укрытии, под защитой ;
to take cover укрыться under: ~ heavy penalty под страхом сурового наказания;
under the necessity( of smth.) под давлением( каких-л.) обстоятельств;
under cover под прикрытием ~ покров;
under cover of darkness под покровом темноты ~ ширма;
предлог;
отговорка;
личина, маска;
under cover of friendship под личиной дружбы ~ конверт;
under the same cover в том же конверте vegetative ~ растительный покров vertex ~ вершинное покрытие -
12 δικαιοσύνη
δικαιοσύνη, ης, ἡ (s. δίκαιος; Theognis, Hdt.+) gener. the quality of being upright. Theognis 1, 147 defines δ. as the sum of all ἀρετή; acc. to Demosth. (20, 165) it is the opp. of κακία. A strict classification of δ. in the NT is complicated by freq. interplay of abstract and concrete aspects drawn from OT and Gr-Rom. cultures, in which a sense of equitableness combines with awareness of responsibility within a social context.① the quality, state, or practice of judicial responsibility w. focus on fairness, justice, equitableness, fairnessⓐ of human beings (a common theme in honorary ins, e.g. IPriene 71, 14f; 22f of a judge named Alexis; Danker, Benefactor 346–48; cp. Aristot., EN 5, 1, 8, 1129a τὸ μὲν δίκαιον ἄρα τὸ νόμιμον καὶ τὸ ἴσον ‘uprightness consists of that which is lawful and fair’; Ath. 34:2 ἔστι δὲ δ. ἴσα ἴσοις ἀμείβειν ‘uprightness means to answer like with like’; for association of δ. with judgment s. also Diog. L. 3, 79; in contexts of praise δ. suggests authority involving juridical responsibility FX 7, ’81, 255 n. 229) δ. κρίσεως ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος uprightness is the beginning and end of judgment B 1:6. Melchizedek as βασιλεὺς δικαιοσύνης Hb 7:2. ἐργάζεσθαι δικαιοσύνην administer justice Hb 11:33; κρίνειν ἐν δ. (Ps 71:2f; 95:13; Sir 45:26; PsSol 8:24) judge justly Ac 17:31, cp. Mk 16:14 v.l. (Freer ms. line 5 in N. app.); Ro 9:28 v.l. (Is 10:22). ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ δ. practice justice and uprightness 1 Cl 13:1 (Jer 9:23). καθιστάναι τοὺς ἐπισκοπούς ἐν δ. appoint overseers in uprightness= who will serve justly 1 Cl 42:5 (Is 60:17). David rejoices in God’s δ. 1 Cl 18:15 (Ps 50:16; s. ἀγαλλιάω, end).ⓑ of transcendent figures (Pla. τὴν δ. θεοῦ νόμον ὑπελάμβανεν ‘considered divine justice [i.e. apportionment of reward or retribution in accordance with behavior] a principle’ or ‘system’ that served as a deterrent of crime Diog. L. 3, 79). Of an apocalyptic horseman ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κρινεῖ Rv 19:11.② quality or state of juridical correctness with focus on redemptive action, righteousness. Equitableness is esp. associated w. God (cp. Paradoxogr. Vat. 43 Keller αἰτεῖται παρὰ τ. θεῶν οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν δικαιοσύνης), and in our lit. freq. in connection w. exercise of executive privilege in conferring a benefit. Hence God’s δ. can be the opposite of condemnation 2 Cor 3:9 (s. below); in it God is revealed as judge Rom 3:5—in contrast to human wrath, which beclouds judgment—displaying judicial integrity 3:25 (on this pass. s. also below). Cp. ἐκάλεσά σε ἐν δ. B 14:7 (Is 42:6). Also of equitable privilege allotted by God 2 Pt 1:1.—In Pauline thought the intimate association of God’s interest in retaining a reputation for justice that rewards goodness and requites evil, while at the same time working out a plan of salvation for all humanity, complicates classification of his use of δικαιοσύνη. On the one hand, God’s δ. is pardoning action, and on the other a way of sharing God’s character with believers, who then exhibit righteousness in the moral sense. God achieves this objective through exercise of executive privilege in dispensing justice equitably without reference to νόμος by making salvation available to all humanity (which shares a common problem of liability to wrath by being unanimously in revolt against God Ro 3:9–18, 23) through faith in God’s action in Jesus Christ. The genitival constr. δ. θεοῦ accents the uniqueness of this δ.: Ro 1:17; 3:21f, 25, 26 (s. these pass. also below; Reumann, 3c end); 10:3, and δ. alone 5:21; 9:30 (3 times); 2 Cor 3:9 (opp. κατάκρισις; cp. Dg 9:3; 5). 2 Cor 5:21 may belong here if δ. is viewed as abstract for concrete=δικαιωθέντες (but s. below). All these refer to righteousness bestowed by God cp. ἡ δωρεὰ τῆς δ. Ro 5:17, also 1 Cor 1:30 (sim. 1QS 11, 9–15; 1QH 4, 30–37). In this area it closely approximates salvation (cp. Is 46:13; 51:5 and s. NSnaith, Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 207–22, esp. 218–22; EKäsemann, ZTK 58, ’61, 367–78 [against him RBultmann, JBL 83, ’64, 12–16]). According to some interpreters hunger and thirst for uprightness Mt 5:6 perh. offers (but s. 3a below) a related eschatological sense (‘Kingdom of God’, FNötscher, Biblica 31, ’50, 237–41=Vom A zum NT, ’62, 226–30).—Keeping the law cannot bring about uprightness Ro 3:21; Gal 2:21; 3:21, because δ. ἐκ τοῦ νόμου uprightness based on the law Ro 10:5 (cp. 9:30f), as ἰδία δ. one’s own (self-made) upr. 10:3, is impossible. God’s δ. without ref. to νόμος is to be apprehended by faith Ro 1:17; 3:22, 26; 4:3ff, 13; 9:30; 10:4, 6, 10 (cp. Hb 11:7 ἡ κατὰ πίστιν δ. righteousness based on faith; s. B-D-F §224, 1), for which reason faith is ‘calculated as righteousness’ (Gen 15:6; Ps 105:31; 1 Macc 2:52) Ro 4:3, 5f, 9, 11, 13, 22; Gal 3:6 (cp. Hb 11:7; Js 2:23; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 86ff; 1 Cl 10:6; B 13:7). Of Jesus as our righteousness 1 Cor 1:30.—As gift and power Ro 5:17, 21, and because it is intimately associated with the δύναμις of Christ’s resurrection Phil 3:9f (s. below), this righteousness enables the redeemed to respond and serve God faithfully Ro 6:13 (in wordplay opp. of ἀδικία), 16, 18ff; cp. 1 Cor 1:30 of Christ as instrument of God’s gift of δ.; 2 Cor 3:9. Thus God’s δ. functions as δύναμις 6:7 within Christians 5:21 (i.e. the way God acts in justifying or restoring people to a relationship with God’s self serves as a model for Christian interaction; for a difft. view, s. above) through the Spirit (Ro 8:9) and assures them they will have life that will be fully realized at the end of the age Ro 8:10f; for the time being it is a matter of hope ἐλπὶς δικαιοσύνης Gal 5:5 (cp. Is 51:5); cp. ἡ ἐκ θεοῦ δ. Phil 3:9. Pol 8:1 shares Paul’s view: Christ as ἀρραβὼν τῆς δ.—God’s uprightness as gift τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς στάξαντος τὴν δ. who distills uprightness on you Hv 3, 9, 1.—Such perspectives offer a transition to specific ways in which the redeemed express uprightness.③ the quality or characteristic of upright behavior, uprightness, righteousnessⓐ of uprightness in general: Mt 5:6 (cp. 6:33; some interpret 5:6 in an eschatological sense, s. 2 above; on desire for δ. cp. ἐπιθυμία τῆς δ. Hm 12, 2, 4); Mt 5:10, 20 (s. b, below); Hm 10, 1, 5; Dg 10:8; λόγος δικαιοσύνης Hb 5:13; Pol 9:1 (s. also Epict., Fgm. Stob. 26; when a man is excited by the λόγος in meetings, he should give expression to τὰ τῆς δικαιοσύνης λόγια). πάσχειν διὰ δ. 1 Pt 3:14. ἄγγελος τῆς δ. Hm 6, 2, 1; 3; 8; 10. ῥήματα δ. 8:9. 10, 1, 5; Dg 10:8; Pol 2:3; 3:1; ἐντολὴ δ. commandment of upr. Pol 3:3; 9:1.—Mt 6:33 of the kind of δ. God expects (on δ. as characteristic required by God acc. to Jewish perspective s. Bousset, Rel.3 387ff; 379ff; 423; cp. KFahlgren, Sẹdāḳā, nahestehende u. entgegengesetzte Begriffe im Alten Testament, diss. Uppsala ’32.—S. Diog. L. 3, 83 on Plato’s view of δικαιοσύνη περὶ θεούς or δ. πρὸς τοὺς θεούς=performance of prescribed duties toward gods; s. also ref. to 3, 79 at 1b above). Christ’s δ. Dg 9:3, 5. διαλέγεσθαι περὶ δ. Ac 24:25. Opp. ἀδικία (Hippol., Ref. 4, 43, 12; Did., Gen. 20, 27) 2 Cl 19:2; Dg 9:1. As ἀρετή Hm 1:2; Hs 6, 1, 4; 8, 10, 3. Opp. ἀνομία 2 Cor 6:14; cp. 2 Cor. 11:15 (ironical); Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8); ἁμαρτία, which is the dominating power before δ. θεοῦ comes into play Ro 6:16, 18–20; cp. 1 Pt 2:24. ἐργάζεσθαι δ. (Ps 14:2) do what is right Ac 10:35; accomplish righteousness Js 1:20 (W-S. §30, 7g); Hv 2, 2, 7; 2, 3, 3; m 5, 1, 1; 12, 3, 1; 12, 6, 2; Hs 9, 13, 7. Also ἔργον δικαιοσύνης ἐργάζεσθαι 1 Cl 33:8. Opp. οὐδὲν ἐργάζεσθαι τῇ δ. Hs 5, 1, 4; ποιεῖν (τὴν) δ. (2 Km 8:15; Ps 105:3; Is 56:1; 58:2; 1 Macc 14:35 al.) do what is right 1J 2:29; 3:7, 10; Rv 22:11; 2 Cl 4:2; 11:7. Also πράσσειν τὴν δ. 2 Cl 19:3; διώκειν τὴν δ. (cp. Sir 27:8 διώκ. τὸ δίκαιον) seek to attain/achieve upr. Ro 9:30; 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 2:22; 2 Cl 18:2; δ. ἀσκεῖν Hm 8:10. ὁδὸς (τῆς) δ. (ὁδός 3ab) Mt 21:32; 2 Pt 2:21; B 1:4; 5:4. προπορεύσεται ἔμπροσθεν σου ἡ δ. 3:4 (Is 58:8); cp. 4:12. κατορθοῦσθαι τὰς ὁδοὺς ἐν δ. walk uprightly Hv 2, 2, 6; τῇ δ. ζήσωμεν live uprightly 1 Pt 2:24. πύλη δ. gate of upr. 1 Cl 48:2 (Ps 117:19), cp. vs. 4. ἐν οἷς δ. κατοικεῖ (cp. Is 32:16) in which righteousness dwells 2 Pt 3:13. Of Christ’s body δικαιοσύνης ναο͂ς AcPlCor 2:17. παιδεία ἡ ἐν δ. training in uprightness 2 Ti 3:16. ἔργα τὰ ἐν δ. righteous deeds Tit 3:5. λαμπρότης ἐν δ. rejoicing in uprightness 1 Cl 35:2; ἐχθρὸς πάσης δ. enemy of every kind of upr. Ac 13:10. W. ὁσιότης (Wsd 9:3): holiness and upr. (as the relig. and moral side of conduct; cp. 1QS 1:5; 8:2; 11:9–15; 1QH 4:30f) Lk 1:75 (λατρεύειν ἐν δ. as Josh 24:14); Eph 4:24; 1 Cl 48:4. W. πίστις (OGI 438, 8; 1 Macc 14:35; Just., D. 110, 3) Pol 9:2; cp. 2 Pt 1:1. With εἰρήνη (Is 39:8; 48:18) and χαρά Ro 14:17; cp. 1 Cl 3:4; Hb 7:2 (but s. 1a, above). W. ἀλήθεια (Is 45:19; 48:1) Eph 5:9; 1 Cl 31:2; 62:2; Hs 9, 25, 2. W. ἀγάπη 2 Cl 12:1. W. ἀγαθωσύνη Eph 5:9. W. ἁγνεία Hs 9, 16, 7. W. γνῶσις κυρίου (cp. Pr 16:8) D 11:2. ὅπλα (τῆς) δ. tools or weapons of uprightness Ro 6:13; 2 Cor 6:7; Pol 4:1; θῶραξ τῆς δ. (Is 59:17; Wsd 5:18) breastplate of upr. Eph 6:14. τέκνα δικαιοσύνης (opp. ὀργῆς) AcPlCor 2:19. διάκονοι δικαιοσύνης servants of upr. 2 Cor 11:15; Pol 5:2; μισθός δ. D 5:2; B 20:2; μέρος δ. portion in (eternal salvation) which is meant for righteousness ApPt Rainer 6; καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης (Pr 3:9; 11:30; 13:2) produce of uprightness (ApcSed 12:5) Phil 1:11; Hb 12:11; Js 3:18; Hs 9, 19, 2; GJs 6:3. ὁ τῆς δ. στέφανος the crown of upr. (w. which the upright are adorned; cp. TestLevi 8:2; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 258; a common theme in honorary ins recognizing distinguished public service, s. indexes SIG, OGI and other ins corpora; Danker, Benefactor 345–47; s. also the boast of Augustus, s.v. δίκαιος 1aα) 2 Ti 4:8; cp. ἡ τ. δικαιοσύνης δόξα the glory of upr. ending of Mk in the Freer ms. ln. 11f. Described as a characteristic to be taught and learned, because it depends on a knowledge of God’s will: κῆρυξ δ. preacher of upr. 2 Pt 2:5 (cp. Ar. 15:2 τῇ δ. τοῦ κηρύγματος). διδάσκειν δ. teach upr. (of Paul) 1 Cl 5:7. μέρος τι ἐκ τῆς δ. a portion of uprightness Hv 3, 1, 6; cp. 3, 6, 4; δ. μεγάλην ἐργάζεσθαι m 8:2.—ἐλέγχειν περὶ δικαιοσύνης convict w. regard to uprightness (of Jesus) J 16:8, 10 (s. WHatch, HTR 14, 1921, 103–5; HWindisch: Jülicher Festschr. 1927, 119f; HTribble, Rev. and Expos. 32, ’37, 269–80; BLindars, BRigaux Festschr., ’70, 275–85).ⓑ of specific action righteousness in the sense of fulfilling divine expectation not specifically expressed in ordinances (Orig., C. Cels. 7, 18, 39; Did., Gen. 188, 27: οἱ κατὰ δ. ζῶντες) Mt 3:15=ISm 1:1; of a superior type Mt 5:20 (s. JMoffatt, ET 13, 1902, 201–6, OOlevieri, Biblica 5, 1924, 201ff; Betz, SM 190f); not to win plaudits 6:1. To please outsiders as well as oneself 2 Cl 13:1. W. characteristic restriction of mng. mercy, charitableness (cp. Tob 12:9) of God, whose concern for the poor 2 Cor 9:9 (Ps 111:9) is exemplary for the recipients of the letter vs. 10; participation in such activity belongs, according to Mt 6:1f (cp. δίκαιος 1:19: Joseph combines justice and mercy), to the practice of piety (on the development of the word’s mng. in this direction s. Bousset, Rel.3 380). Pl. (B-D-F §142; W-S. §27, 4d; Rob. 408 δικαιοσύναι righteous deeds (Ezk 3:20; 33:13; Da 9:18) 2 Cl 6:9. δικαιοσύναι righteous deeds (Ezk 3:20; 33:13; Da 9:18; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 12 [Stone p. 30]) 2 Cl 6:9. ἀρετὴ δικαιοσύνης Hm 1:2; Hs 6, 1, 4; cp. 8, 10, 3.ⓒ uprightness as determined by divine/legal standards δ. θεοῦ upr. that meets God’s standard Js 1:20 (W-S. 30, §7g).—Ro 10:5; Gal 2:21; 3:21; Phil 3:6; 3:9.—ASchmitt, Δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ: JGeffcken Festschr. ’31, 111–31; FHellegers, D. Gerechtigkeit Gottes im Rö., diss. Tüb. ’39; AOepke, TLZ 78, ’53, 257–64.—Dodd 42–59; ADescamps, Studia Hellenistica, ’48, 69–92.—S. also JRopes, Righteousness in the OT and in St. Paul: JBL 22, 1903, 211ff; JGerretsen, Rechtvaardigmaking bij Pls 1905; GottfrKittel, StKr 80, 1907, 217–33; ETobac, Le problème de la Justification dans S. Paul 1908; EDobschütz, Über d. paul. Rechtfertigungslehre: StKr 85, 1912, 38–87; GWetter, D. Vergeltungsged. b. Pls 1912, 161ff; BWestcott, St. Paul and Justification 1913; WMacholz, StKr 88, 1915, 29ff; EBurton ICC, Gal. 1921, 460–74; WMichaelis, Rechtf. aus Glauben b. Pls: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 116–38; ELohmeyer, Grundlagen d. paul. Theologie 1929, 52ff; HBraun, Gerichtsged. u. Rechtfertigungslehre b. Pls. 1930; OZänker, Δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ b. Pls: ZST 9, ’32, 398–420; FFilson, St. P.’s Conception of Recompense ’31; WGrundmann, ZNW 32, ’33, 52–65; H-DWendland, D. Mitte der paul. Botschaft ’35; RGyllenberg, D. paul. Rechtfertigungslehre u. das AT: Studia Theologica (Riga) I ’35, 35–52; HJager, Rechtvaardiging en zekerheid des geloofs (Ro 1:16f; 3:21–5:11) ’39; HHofer, D. Rechtfertigungsverk. des Pls nach neuerer Forschg. ’40; VTaylor, Forgiveness and Reconciliation ’41; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 266–80, Eng. tr. KGrobel ’51, I 270–85; SSchulz, ZTK 56, ’59, 155–85 (Qumran and Paul); CMüller, FRL 86, ’64 (Ro 9–11); JBecker, Das Heil Gottes, ’64; PStuhlmacher, Gerechtigkeit Gottes b. Paulus, ’65; JReumann, Int 20, ’66, 432–52 (Ro 3:21–31); HBraun, Qumran II, ’66, 165–80; JZiesler, The Mng. of Righteousness in Paul, ’72; ESanders, Paul and Palestinian Judaism, ’77 (s. index 625; appendix by MBrauch 523–42 rev. of discussions in Germany); SWilliams, JBL 99, ’80, 241–90.—CPerella, De justificatione sec. Hb: Biblica 14, ’33, 1–21; 150–69. S. also the lit. on πίστις and ἁμαρτία.—On the whole word s. RAC X 233–360; AKöberle, Rechtfertigung u. Heiligung 1930; EDNT I 325–30.—DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. EDNT.TW. Sv. -
13 קדם
קָדַם(b. h.) (to bend, go forward, to advance, precede; to anticipate. Y.Meg.III, 74a bot. צפה … מוטב שיִקְדּוֹם … לכספווכ׳ the Lord foresaw that Haman the wicked would weigh his silver for Israels destruction (Esth. 3:9), and he said, it is better that my childrens silver (the half-Shekel, Ex. 30:11 sq.) anticipate Hamans silver (to act as a protection from evil designs); ib. I, 70d bot. שיַּקְדִּים (Hif.). Sifra Vayiḳra, Ḥob., Par. 3, ch. V, v. infra. Gen. R. s. 1 ששה דברים קָדְמוּוכ׳ six things preceded the creation of the world. Ib. איני יודע איזה מהן קוֹדֵם אם התורה קָדְמָהוכ׳ I know not yet, which of them was first, whether the Torah was created before the throne of glory Ib. התורה קרמהוכ׳, v. קְרִימָה. Ḥull.100a, sq. ק׳ וסלקו he removed it first (before putting in other pieces). Snh.38a; Lev. R. s. 14, beg. יתוש קְדָמְךָ, v. יַתּוּש. B. Mets. II, 11 אבדתו … אבדתו קוֹדֶמֶת if a mans own loss and his fathers loss are to be attended to, his own has the precedence; ib. שלו קודמת (Bab. ed. 33a קודם). Ab. III, 9 כל … קודמת לחכמתווכ׳ he to whom fear of sin comes before his learning, his learning will endure. Y.Ned.IX, 42c bot. חיי העיר הזאת קוֹדְמִיןוכ׳ the supply of provisions for the people of ones own town has the precedence over Kel. XXV, 4, v. כַּתְּ; a. fr. (Nif. נִקְדָּם, Taan.20a נקדמה, v. נָקַד I. Pi. קִדֵּם to get the start of. Y.Taan.I, end, 64d שלא יְקַדְּמֶנּוּ אחר lest another man get ahead of him (in proposing to a woman he desires to marry); Y.Bets. V, 63a bot. Sifré Deut. 34 לא קִידְּמוּם מצוותוכ׳ no other commands were promulgated before them; a. fr. Hif. הִקְדִּים 1) to advance; to do first; to anticipate, provide against. Y. Meg. l. c. לפיכך מַקְדִּימִין וקיריןוכ׳ therefore we read the section of Shḳalim first (before the first of Adar, and before the Sabbath Zakhor); Bab. ib. 13b לפיכךה׳ שקליהןוכ׳ therefore the Lord ordered their Shekels in anticipation of his (Hamans) Shekels, v. supra. Ib. 30a מקדימין לשבת שעברה we read it the Sabbath before, opp. מאחרין. Ib. when Purim falls on a Friday, מקרימין פרשת זכור we read the section Zakhor on the Sabbath previous. Y.Sot.VIII, 22d bot. ה׳ לו שכרי if he paid the builder in advance. Zeb.106a (ref. to Lev. 4:12) שיהא שם דשן שיַקְדִּים לשם דשן this means that ashes must be there, that he must first have put ashes there; Sifra Vayikra l. c. שיִקְדּים; a. fr.ה׳ שלום to salute first. Ber.6b כל שיודע … יקדים לו שלום he who knows his neighbor to be in the habit of greeting him, should salute him first. Ib. 17a לא הִקְדִּימוֹ אדם יכ׳ never was a man the first in saluting him, not even a stranger Ex. R. s. 23 באו … להַקְדִּים שירה the angels came wanting to be the first to offer song; יַקְדִּימוּ בני תחלה let my children be the first; a. v. fr.Part. pass. מוּקְדָּם; f. מוּקְרֶּמֶת; pl. מוּקְדָּמִים Pes.6b, a. fr. אין מ׳ ומאוחרוכ׳, v. אָחַר. Shebi. X, 5, v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל. Ib. שטרי חוב המ׳ antedated notes of indebtedness. M. Mets. V, 10 נתן עיניו … זו היא רבית מ׳ if he intends to borrow money, and he sends his neighbor a gift and says, ‘in order to make thee inclined to lend me money,this is interest paid in advance; a. fr. 2) to be early, zealous. Naz.23b, a. e. לעולם יקדים אדם לדברוכ׳ man should always be anxious to do a good deed as early as possible. Pes.4a, a. e. מקדימיןוכ׳, v. זָרִיז; a. fr.Y.Erub.V, 22d top שמקדימין העליון, read: שמקדירין or שמקדרין, v. קָדַר I. -
14 קָדַם
קָדַם(b. h.) (to bend, go forward, to advance, precede; to anticipate. Y.Meg.III, 74a bot. צפה … מוטב שיִקְדּוֹם … לכספווכ׳ the Lord foresaw that Haman the wicked would weigh his silver for Israels destruction (Esth. 3:9), and he said, it is better that my childrens silver (the half-Shekel, Ex. 30:11 sq.) anticipate Hamans silver (to act as a protection from evil designs); ib. I, 70d bot. שיַּקְדִּים (Hif.). Sifra Vayiḳra, Ḥob., Par. 3, ch. V, v. infra. Gen. R. s. 1 ששה דברים קָדְמוּוכ׳ six things preceded the creation of the world. Ib. איני יודע איזה מהן קוֹדֵם אם התורה קָדְמָהוכ׳ I know not yet, which of them was first, whether the Torah was created before the throne of glory Ib. התורה קרמהוכ׳, v. קְרִימָה. Ḥull.100a, sq. ק׳ וסלקו he removed it first (before putting in other pieces). Snh.38a; Lev. R. s. 14, beg. יתוש קְדָמְךָ, v. יַתּוּש. B. Mets. II, 11 אבדתו … אבדתו קוֹדֶמֶת if a mans own loss and his fathers loss are to be attended to, his own has the precedence; ib. שלו קודמת (Bab. ed. 33a קודם). Ab. III, 9 כל … קודמת לחכמתווכ׳ he to whom fear of sin comes before his learning, his learning will endure. Y.Ned.IX, 42c bot. חיי העיר הזאת קוֹדְמִיןוכ׳ the supply of provisions for the people of ones own town has the precedence over Kel. XXV, 4, v. כַּתְּ; a. fr. (Nif. נִקְדָּם, Taan.20a נקדמה, v. נָקַד I. Pi. קִדֵּם to get the start of. Y.Taan.I, end, 64d שלא יְקַדְּמֶנּוּ אחר lest another man get ahead of him (in proposing to a woman he desires to marry); Y.Bets. V, 63a bot. Sifré Deut. 34 לא קִידְּמוּם מצוותוכ׳ no other commands were promulgated before them; a. fr. Hif. הִקְדִּים 1) to advance; to do first; to anticipate, provide against. Y. Meg. l. c. לפיכך מַקְדִּימִין וקיריןוכ׳ therefore we read the section of Shḳalim first (before the first of Adar, and before the Sabbath Zakhor); Bab. ib. 13b לפיכךה׳ שקליהןוכ׳ therefore the Lord ordered their Shekels in anticipation of his (Hamans) Shekels, v. supra. Ib. 30a מקדימין לשבת שעברה we read it the Sabbath before, opp. מאחרין. Ib. when Purim falls on a Friday, מקרימין פרשת זכור we read the section Zakhor on the Sabbath previous. Y.Sot.VIII, 22d bot. ה׳ לו שכרי if he paid the builder in advance. Zeb.106a (ref. to Lev. 4:12) שיהא שם דשן שיַקְדִּים לשם דשן this means that ashes must be there, that he must first have put ashes there; Sifra Vayikra l. c. שיִקְדּים; a. fr.ה׳ שלום to salute first. Ber.6b כל שיודע … יקדים לו שלום he who knows his neighbor to be in the habit of greeting him, should salute him first. Ib. 17a לא הִקְדִּימוֹ אדם יכ׳ never was a man the first in saluting him, not even a stranger Ex. R. s. 23 באו … להַקְדִּים שירה the angels came wanting to be the first to offer song; יַקְדִּימוּ בני תחלה let my children be the first; a. v. fr.Part. pass. מוּקְדָּם; f. מוּקְרֶּמֶת; pl. מוּקְדָּמִים Pes.6b, a. fr. אין מ׳ ומאוחרוכ׳, v. אָחַר. Shebi. X, 5, v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל. Ib. שטרי חוב המ׳ antedated notes of indebtedness. M. Mets. V, 10 נתן עיניו … זו היא רבית מ׳ if he intends to borrow money, and he sends his neighbor a gift and says, ‘in order to make thee inclined to lend me money,this is interest paid in advance; a. fr. 2) to be early, zealous. Naz.23b, a. e. לעולם יקדים אדם לדברוכ׳ man should always be anxious to do a good deed as early as possible. Pes.4a, a. e. מקדימיןוכ׳, v. זָרִיז; a. fr.Y.Erub.V, 22d top שמקדימין העליון, read: שמקדירין or שמקדרין, v. קָדַר I.
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